Production of Chitosna Oligosaccharides Using Chitin-Immobilized Enzyme

키틴 고정화 효소를 이용한 키토산 올리고당의 생산

  • Published : 1998.04.01

Abstract

Enzymatic hydrolysis using an immobilized enzyme was carried out to produce chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) from chitosan effectively. Chitosanase was immobilized on eight different carriers by physical adsorption. The enzyme immobilized on chitin had higher activity than those immobilized on the other carriers in spite of its lower adsorption. The activity of chitin-immobilized enzyme was more than 90% of the original activity. Optimal temperature of the immobilized enzyme increased by about $15^{\circ}C$ and its thermostability was excellent in relatively wide range of temperature. But its effects of pH did not improve compared to the free enzyme. The immobilized enzyme produced 153 mg/g chitosan of the reducing sugar for 3hrs of hydrolytic incubation time. The total content of higher oligomers, tetramer to hexamer, among amount of total COSs obtained for 2hrs was more than 90%. In kinetic parameters for both enzymes, immobilized enzyme showed lower affinity for substrate and reaction rate than free enzyme, however, no reduction of the rate for high substrate concentrations. Consequently, chitin-immobilized could effectively hydrolyse chitosan and produce the higher COSs without activity decrease in comparison with the free enzyme.

키토산 올리고당을 효율적으로 생산하기 위하여 고정화 효소 를 이용한 키토산의 효소적 가수분해를 시도하였다. Chitosanase는 Chitopearl계 고정화 담체에 대해서 높은 흡착율로 결합되었다. 키틴에 고정화된 효소는 비록 흡착율은 낮았지 만 그 활성은 가장 높게 나타났다. 키틴 고정화 효소는 유리 효소에 비해 약 90% 이상의 활성을 유지하였다. 고정화 효소의 최적 온도는 60°C로서 유리 효소보다 $15^{\circ}C$ 더 높았으며, 열에 대한 안정성도 유리 효소보다 넓은 온도범위에서 우수하였다 그러나 고정화 효소는 pH에 대해서는 어떠한 뚜렷한 효과도 보이지 않았다. 고정화 효소의 저장 안정성은 유리 효소보다 더 높은 저장온도인 60t에서도 더 안정한 것으로 나타났다. 키틴 고정화 효소에 의한 키토산의 가수분해반응은 반응 3시간까지 급격한 증가를 보이다 그 이후의 반응시간 경과에서도 더 이상 증가를 보이지 않았다. 고정화 효소에 의해 생성된 올리고당의 조성은 효소의 반응시간에 따라 크게 의존하였으며, 2시간의 반 응에서 비교적 고차 올라고당인 COS-4-6의 함량은 약 90% 이상이었다 두 효소에 대한 반용속도상수에서, 고정화 효소는 유리 효소에 비해 낮은 기질친화성과 낮은 반웅속도를 보였지 만, 높은 기질농도에서도 전혀 기질저해반응은 일어나지 않았다. 따라서 키틴 고정화 효소는 유리 효소에 비해 활성의 감소없이 효율적으로 키토산을 가수분해할 수 있었으며, 고차 올리고당의 생성 량도 매우 높았다.

Keywords

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