Minimally invasive cardiac surgery with the partial mini-sternotomy in children

소아연령군에서의 부분흉골소절개를 통한 최소침투적심장수술

  • 이정렬 (서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 서울대학교 심장연구소) ;
  • 임홍국 (서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 서울대학교 심장연구소) ;
  • 성숙환 (서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 서울대학교 심장연구소) ;
  • 김용진 (서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 서울대학교 심장연구소) ;
  • 노준량 (서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 서울대학교 심장연구소) ;
  • 서경필 (서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 서울대학교 심장연구소)
  • Published : 1998.05.01

Abstract

Purpose: The safety and efficacy of minimally invasive techniques in congenital heart surgery were tested in this study. Materal and method: Between July 1997 and November 1997, a total of 46 children were underwent minimally invasive cardiac operations at Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Age and body weight of the patients averaged 34.6${\pm}$41.8 (Range: 1∼148) months and 14.5${\pm}$9.9(Range: 3.0∼40.0) kg, respectively. Twenty eight patients were male. Preoperative surgical indications included 15 atrial septal defects, 25 ventricular septal defects, 1 foreign body in aorta, 3 partial atrioventricular septal defects, 1 total anomalous pulmonary venous connection(cardiac type), and 1 tetralogy of Fallot. After creating a small lower midline skin incision starting as down as possible from the sternal notch, a vertical midline sternotomy extended from xyphoid process to the level of the second intercostal space, where one of the T-, J-, I- or inverted C-shaped lower lying mini-sternotomy was completed with a creation of unilateral right or bilateral trap door sternal opening. A conventional direct aortic and bicaval cannulation was routine. Result: A mean length of skin incision was 6.1${\pm}$1.0(range: 4.0∼9.0) cm. A mean distance between the suprasternal notch and the upper most point of the skin incision was 4.0${\pm}$1.1 (range: 2.0∼7.0) cm. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time, and the operation time were 62.9${\pm}$20.0(range: 28∼147), 29.8${\pm}$12.8(range: 11∼79), and 161.1${\pm}$34.5 (range: 100-250) minutes. A mean total amount of postoperative blood transfusion was 71.0${\pm}$68.1 (range: 0∼267) cc. All patients were extubated mean 11.3${\pm}$13.8(range: 1∼73) hours after operation. A mean total amount of analgesics used was 0.8${\pm}$1.8(range: 0∼9) mg of morphine. The mean duration of stay in intensive care unit and hospital stay were 35.0${\pm}$32.2 (range: 10∼194) hours and 6.2${\pm}$2.0(range: 3∼11) days. There were no wound complications and hospital deaths. Conclusion: This short-term experience disclosed that the minimally invasive technique can be feasibly applied in a selected group of congenital heart disease as well as is cosmetically more attractive approach.

연구목적: 소아연령군에서의 최소침투적심장수술의 적용가능성 여부와 안전성 및 효율성 등을 검증해 보기 위해 본연구를 시행하였다. 대상환아) 1997년 7월부터 1997년 11월까지 본 서울대학교병원 어린이병원 흉부외과에서 최소침투적심장수술을 받은 46례의 환아를 대상으로 하였으며 환아의 평균 연령 및 체중은 각각 34.6$\pm$41.8 (범위:1~148) 개월, 14.5$\pm$9.9 (범위:3.0~40.0) kg였다. 28명의 환아가 남아였으며 술전 진단은 15례의 심방중격결손증, 25례의 심실중격결손증 (이중 16례는 막주변형이었고 1례는 대동맥판하 막성협착을 동반함), 1례의 대동맥내 이물, 3례의 부분방실중격결손증, 1례의 전폐정맥연결이상 (심장형), 1례의 활로씨사징증이었다. 수술방법 : 상흉골함요(陷凹)로부터 가능한 하부로 멀리 떨어져 정중피부절개를 가한후, 하부흉골을 노출시켰다. 검상돌기부터 정중흉골절개를 시작하여 제 2늑간 수준까지 연장한 후, 흉골의 한쪽 또는 양쪽에 횡절개를 가하여 T형, J형, I형 또는 역 C형 흉골절개가 되게하여 우측 또는 양측 들창모양의 흉골개구부를 확보하였다. 삽관을 대동맥과 상,하공정맥에 일반적인 방법으로 시행하고, 질환별 수술방법 역시 통상적인 방법에 의해서 시행되었다. 결과 : 평균 피부절개의 길이는 6.1$\pm$1.0 (범위:4.0~9.0) cm였고 상흉골함요와 피부절개상단사이의 거리는 평균 4.0$\pm$1.1 (범위:2.0-7.0) cm였다. 평균심폐우회시간, 대동맥차단시간, 및 총수술시간은 각각 62.9$\pm$20.0 (범위:28~147), 29.8$\pm$12.8(범위:11~79), 161.1$\pm$34.5(범위:100~250) 분이었다. 수술후 수혈총량은 평균 71.0$\pm$68.1 (범위: 0~267) cc였으며 환아는 평균 11.3$\pm$13.8 (범위:1-73) 시간후에 인공호흡기이탈이 가능하였다. 진통제로는 평균 0.8$\pm$1.8 (범위: 0~9) mg 용량의 모르핀이 사용되었으며 환아는 평균 35.0$\pm$32.2 (범위: 10~194) 시간동안 중환자실 관리가 필요했고 평균 재원기간은 6.2$\pm$2.0 (범위: 3~11) 일이었다. 상흔관련 합병증 및 수술사망례는 발생하지 않았다. 결론: 비록 단기간의 관찰이었지만 본연구를 통해 저자등은 소아연령군에서 일부 선천성 심질환에 대하여 최소침투적심장수술의 적용의 가능성 및 유용성을 입증하였으며 특히 미용효과면에서 탁월하다는 사실을 발견하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Presented at the Thirty-third Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass: Two-year clinical experience Subramanian VA;MaCabe JC;Geller CC
  2. Ann Thorac Surg v.64 Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass : A series with early qualitative angiographic follow-up Gill IS;FitzGibbon GM;Higginson LAJ;Valji A;Keon WJ
  3. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.114 Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting versus coronary angioplasty for isolated type C stenosis of the left anterior descending artery Mariani MA;Boonstra PW;Grandjean JG(et al)
  4. Presented at the Thirty-third Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Cardiac operations in adults and chidren by ministernotomy: Facile minimally invasive cardiac surgery Gundry SR;Shattuck H;Sardari FF;Bailey LL
  5. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.113 Mini-T sternotomy for cardiac operations Moreno-Cabral RJ
  6. Ann Thorac Surg v.61 Mini-sternotomy for coronary artery bypass grafting Arom KV;Emery RW;Nicoloff DM
  7. Ann Thorac Surg v.61 Left anterior descending coronary artery grafting via left anterior small thoracotomy Calafiore AM;Giammarco GD;Teodori G(et al)
  8. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.9 Port-access coronary artery bypass grafting Ribakove GH;Galloway AC;Grossi EA(et al)
  9. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.113 Minimally invasive mitral valve replacement : port-access technique, feasibility, and myocardial functional preservation Schwartz DS;Ribakove GH;Grossi EA(et al)
  10. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.111 Port-access coronary artery bypass grafting : A proposed surgical method Stevens JH;Burdon TA;Peters WS(et al)
  11. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg v.112 Video-assisted minimally invasive coronary operations without cardiopulmonary bypass : A multicenter study Benetti F;Mariani MA;Sani G(et al)
  12. Circulation v.92 no.SUP. Minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery: A multi-center report of preliminary clinical experience Subramanian VA;Sani G;Benetti FJ(et al)
  13. Chest v.100 Direct myocardial revascularization without extracorporeal circulation. Experience in 700 patients Benetti FJ;Naselli G;Wood M;Geffiner L
  14. Ann Thorac Surg v.62 Minimally invasive mitral valve operations Navia JL;Cosgrove III DM
  15. Semin Thorac Cardiovascu Surg v.9 Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement Cohn LH;Adams DH;Couper GS;Bichell DP
  16. Presented at the Thirty-third Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Minimally invasive valve surgery Cosgrove DM;Sabik JF;Navie J