Surgical Experience of Aortic Root Replacement

대동맥근부치환술의 임상경험

  • Kim, Hyun-jo (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Ahn, Hyuk (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
  • 김현조 (서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 안혁 (서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실)
  • Published : 1997.12.01

Abstract

Between April 1981 and June 1996, 65 patients had aortic root replacement at our institution. Disease entities were pure aortic annuloectasia in 31 patients(47.7%), Stanford type A aortic dissection with annuloectasia in 8(43.1%), atherosclerotic aneurysm with aortic regurgitation in 4(6.2%), and paravalvular leakage after aortic valve replacement in 2(3.1 %). 34 patients(52.3%) had the clinical stigmata of the Marfan syndrome. The operative procedures were Bentall operation in 61 patients(93.8%); 3 of conventional procedure and 58 of Cabrol's modification, aortic valve-sparing operation in 2(3.1 %), and root replacement with homograft in 2(3.1%). Hospital deaths occurred in 3 patients(4.8%) because of uncontrolled bleeding(1) and bypass weaning failure due to low cardiac output(2), and all had emergency operation with Cabrol's procedure. Postoperative complications developed in 19(29.2%) patients and most of them were transient. Surviving 62 patients have been followed up to cumulative total 315.0 patient-years(mean 60.2 $\pm$42.4 months). Late deaths occurred in 7 patients(11.3%), aneurysmal changes of remaining aorta were detected in 12 patients(19.4%). Actuarial survival rate at 10 years was 72.0 $\pm$ 9.7%, and the subsequent aortic operation-free rate at 10 years was 68.0$\pm$ 8.9% In a multivariate analysis, Marfan syndrome, emergency operation, preoperative dissection, combined arch replacement, and total circulatory arrest emerged as significant risk factors for hospital death or subsequent aortic operation. Over 60 years of age was the only risk factor for late death. Our 16 years'cummulative experience shows that aortic root replacement, mainly by means of Cabrol's procedure, can be applied successfully to variety of aortic root disease. However, long-term follow up will be needed to determine the late result of aortic valve-saving operation and root replacement with homograft. When dissection is present or the distal native aorta is diseased in'Marfan patients, close follow-up is necessary because of the subsequent aneurysmal change of remaining aorta.

서울 대학교 병원 흉부외과에서 1981년부터 1996년 6월까지 65명의 환자에서 대동맥근부 치환술을 시행하였다. 해당 질환은 대동맥판륜 확장증이 31예(47.7%)로 가장 많은 빈도를 차지하였으며, 대동맥판륜 확장증을 동반한 Stanford type A 대동맥 박리증이 28예(43.1%), 대동맥 판막 폐쇄부전증을 동반한 상행대동맥류가 4예(6.2%), 그리고 대동맥 판막 치환술 후 재발성 심내막염에 의한 치환 판막의 열개와 Behcet씨 질환 환자에서의 대동맥 판막 치환술 후 치환 판막의 열개에 의한 판막주위 누출이 각각 1예씩 이었다. Martian증후군은 34명(52.3%)의 환자에서 동반되었다. 수술은 전형적인 Bentall 수술이 3예(4.6%), Cabrol 변형의 Bentall 수술 (Cabrol 수술)이 58예(89.2%)이었으며, 대동맥판막 보존술이 2예이었고, 2예에서 동종이식편을 이용하여 대동 맥근부 치환술이 시행되었다. 수술직후 3명의 환자가 사망(4.6%)하였으며, 수술 후 합병증은 19명(29.2%)의 환자에서 발생하였으나, 대부분 일시적인 합병증이었다. 수술직후 사망한 3명의 환자를 제외한 62명의 환자에서 평균 60.2$\pm$42.4 개월간 추적 관찰하였다. 7명의 환자(11.3%)가 추적기간 중 사 좡臼느만\ulcorner 12명의 환자 (19.4%)에서 잔여 대동맥의 동맥류성 변화가 발견되었다. 10년 생존율은 72.0$\pm$9.7%이었으며, 추후대동맥수 술의 10년 See-rate는 68.0$\pm$8.9%이었다. 다변수 분석을 통한 위험요소 분석에서 Martian 증후군, 응급 수술, 대동맥 박리증, 대동맥궁 치환술이 동반된 경우, 완전 순환정지를 시행했던 경우에서 수술 사망률 및 추후 대동맥수술의 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 60세 이상의 고령이 만기 사망률의 위험요소로 분석되었다. 대동맥근부 치환술(주로 Cabrol 방법에 의한)은 다양한 대동맥근부 질환에 성공적으로 사용될 수 있으며, 대동맥판막 보존술과 동종이식 편을 이용한 치환술의 장기 결과에 대해서는 앞으로 지속적인 추적 결과가 필 요할 것으로 보인다. 또한 대동맥박리증 환자와 Marfan 증후군이 동반된 환자에서 잔여 대동맥의 동맥류성 변화에 대한 정기적인 추적 검사가 요구된다.

Keywords

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