The Origins of Science and Technology Policy

과학기술정책의 기원

This paper, searching for the origin of the science and technology policy, is one of the research series on the original form of current S&T policy such as origin, evolution and changing patterns. Without understanding the origin, it is very difficult to understand the evolution and the current change of the policy. To answer this question, 2 kinds of conditions are set: 4 concepts for the origin of a policy and also 4 conditions for the S&T policy itself. As the origin of a policy, 4 concepts are set such as independence, continuance, diffusion and modern state as a policy body. Also as conditions for S&T policy, there may be 4 conditions such as policy targets, policy functions, administration body and the usage of the name of the policy. S&T can be distinguished as science, technology and S&T along it's development path. There, hence, are 2 origins of science and technology policy. French policy for modern science at the late 18th century and the establishment of the Agency of Science and Technology Policy of Japan in 1956 can be pointed out as the origin of the policy. The former can be called as the origin for natural science, and the latter as the origin for S&T. This study implies that new paradigm of S&T policy is a reflection for both the needs of new S&T and social needs. When there were big problems in a society and when there appeared new S&T, they exploited new S&T vigorously. This has been remained as a rememberable monuments in the history of the S&T policy.