Balloon dilatation for bronchial stenosis in Endobronchial Tuberculosis

협착성 기관지 결핵의 풍선카테타요법(II)

  • Ohn, Joon-Sang (Department of Chest Medicine, National Medical Center) ;
  • Lee, Young-Sil (Department of Chest Medicine, National Medical Center) ;
  • Yoon, Sang-Won (Department of Chest Medicine, National Medical Center) ;
  • Son, Hyung-Dae (Department of Chest Medicine, National Medical Center) ;
  • Kim, Chang-Seon (Department of Chest Medicine, National Medical Center) ;
  • Seo, Jee-Young (Department of Chest Medicine, National Medical Center) ;
  • Park, Mi-Ran (Department of Chest Medicine, National Medical Center) ;
  • Rheu, Nam-Soo (Department of Chest Medicine, National Medical Center) ;
  • Cho, Dong-Ill (Department of Chest Medicine, National Medical Center) ;
  • Kwak, Byung-Kook (Department of Radiology, National Medical Center)
  • Published : 1996.10.30

Abstract

Background : To evaluate the effect of the balloon dilatation in tuberculous bronchial stenosis, we performed balloon dilatation in 13 cases which had airway obstruction in main bronchus with the impairment of pulmonary function. Material and Methods: Thirteen women with tuberculous bronchial stenosis(9cases : left main bronchus, 4 cases: right main bronchus) underwent fluoroscopically guided balloon dilatation under the local anesthesia. Among the these patient, 9 cases were active endobronchial tuberculosis, and 4 cases were inactive. Immediate and long term follow-up(average 15.6months) assessments were done focused on change on PIT. The increase of FVC or FEV1 more than 15% after the procedure was considered effective. Complications after dilatation were evaluated in all patients. Result : 1) There were an decrease of self-audible wheezing in 75%(6/8), improvement of dyspnea in 62.5%(5/8), improvement of cough and expectoration in 50%(3/6), and improvement of chest discomfort in 50%(1/2). 2) Significant improvement of PFT was noted in 42.9%(3/7) of which respiratory symptoms duration was below 6 months. 8m, significant improvement of PFT was noted in only 25%(1/4) of which respiratory symptoms duration was above 12 months. 3) Active stage was 69.2%(9/13) and inactive was 30.8%(4/13). There was an significant improvement of PFT in 44.4%(4/9) of active stage, but, only 25%(1/4) of inactive stage was improved. 4) In 61.5%(8/13), FVC and FEV1 were increased to 35.5%, and 22.2% at post-dilatation 7 days. After 1 month later, FVC and FEV1 were increased to 54.7%, and 31.8% in 5 cases(38.5%). 4 cases in which long-term follow-up(average 19.8months) was possible the improvement of FVC, and FEV1 were 30.5%, and 10.1%. 5) Just after balloon dilatation therapy, transient leukocytosis or fever was noted in 30.8%(4/13), and blood-tinged sputum was noted in 30.8%(4/13). However, serious complication, such as pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum or mediastinitis, was not noted. Conclusion : We conclude that tuberculous bronchial stenosis, which is on active stage, and short dulation of respiratory symptoms was more effective on balloon dilatation than inactive stage or long duration of respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, balloon dilatation is easier, much less invasive and expensive than open surgery. and cryotherapy or photoresection. Because of these advantage, we think that balloon dilatation could be the first choice for treating bronchial stenosis and could be done at first in early stage if unresponsiveness with steroid therapy is observed.

연구 목적: 13명의 기관지 결핵에 의한 주기관지 협착 환자의 치료에 있어서 풍선카테터를 이용한 기도확장요법을 시행하고 그 효과를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 방사선 투시 하에 풍선 카테터를 이용, 기관지 확장술을 받은 사람은 13명 모두 여자였고, 평균 31.1세였다. 협착부위는 좌측 주기관지 9예(69.2%), 우측 주기관지 4예(30.8%)였으며, 활동성 병기의 기관지 결핵은 9예(69.2%), 비활동성 병기는 4예(30.8%)였다. 시술 후 7일, 1-28개월(평균 15.6개월)까지 폐기능 검사로 추적관찰하였고, 효과 판정은 폐기능 검사로 FEV1이나, FVC가 시술 전보다 15%이상 증가된 경우를 효과가 있다고 판정하였다. 또한 13예 모두에서 술후 합병증 여부를 알아보았다. 결과: 1) 시술 후 환자 자신이 귀로 들을 수 있는 천명음이 8예 중 6예에서 호전되었으며(75%), 8예중 5예에서 호흡곤란이 호전되었고(62.5%), 기침 및 객담이 6예중 3 예(50%)에서, 흉부 불쾌감 및 통증이 2예중 1예(50%)에서 호전되었다. 2) 시술 전까지 환자의 호흡기 증상의 발현 기간이 6개월 미만인 7예 중 3 예(42.9%), 1년 미만인 1예 중 1예(100%)에서 효과가 있는 반면, 1년이상인 5예 중 단지 1예(20%)에서만 효과가 있었다. 3) 활동성 병기인 9예 중 4예(44.4%)에서 효과가 있었으나, 비활동성 병기인 4예에서는 단지 1예(25%)에서만 효과가 있었다. 4) 시술 후 7 일째 8예(61.5%)에서 FVC가 35.5%, FEV1이 22.2% 증가하였고, 1개월 이후에는 8 예 중 5 예에서 FEV1이 31.8%, FVC가 54.7% 증가하였으며 3예에서는 악화되었다. 5예 중 12개월 이상(평균 19.8개월) 추적 가능했던 4 예에서 FEV1이 10.1%, FVC가 30.5% 증가되었다. 5) 시술 후 13예 중 4예(30.8%)에서 일시적 백혈구 증가, 혹은 발열이 있었고, 4예(30.8%)에서 카테터 제거시 혈당이 묻어 나왔으나 지속적인 혈담은 없었고, 중증 합병증은 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 풍선 카테터를 이용한 기도확장요법은 이미 섬유성 협착이 발생한 비활동성 기관지 결핵보다도 활동성 병기에서, 그리고 호흡기 증상이 오래되지 않은 경우에 더 효과적이었고, 단기 뿐 아니라 장기 추적 검사에서도 효과가 유지되었다. 또한 시술 방법이 비교적 쉽고 중증 합병증 없이 비교적 안전하게 반복적으로 시술할 수 있으므로 결핵성 기관지 협착을 조기에 진단하고 약물 치료로 호전이 없는 경우에 일차적으로 기도확장요법을 시행함으로서 기도 협착을 최소화할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

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