Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지

Maternal Changes of Body Composition and Energy Balance in Korean Lactating Women

한국인 수유부의 체조성 변화 및 에너지 평형

  • 임현숙 (전남대학교 가정대학 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 1996.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine how Korean women mange energy metabolism during lactation. Eighteen women recruited were healthy, had normal pregnancies and were required to breast-feed their babies exclusively for at least 12wks. During the study period, all subjects were visited and interviewed five times : 3d, 9d, 4wk, 8wk, and 12wk lactation. Body composition variables were analyzed by a bioelectrical impedance method, energy intakes were assessed by using the inventory-weighing method, energy expenditure were determined by recording daily activities, and milk energy output was investigated from the amount of milk production and the gross energy content of milk. The subjects consumed less energy than current recommended allowance all over the study period, but compatible with fairly adequate lactational performance. They responded the additional energy stress of lactation by enhancing metabolic efficiency, increasing energy intakes, reduction physical activities and mobilizing body reserves. Another finding in this study was that the reduction in body fat-free mass may be the one way that women meet the energy demands of lactation like the reduction in body fat mass. The results from this study suggest that current recommended additional energy need during lactation, 2.09MJ/d(500kcal/d), is too high for healthy Korean women. Our data also indicate that the changes of body composition and energy balance at earlier postpartum are extremely different from those at later periods.

Keywords

References

  1. Am J Clin Nutr v.49 Postpartum changes in maternal weight and body fat depots in lactating vs nonlactating women Brewer,M.M.;Bates,M.R.;Vannoy,L.P.
  2. Am J Clin Nutr v.48 Energy metabolism, body composition, and milk production in healthy Swedish women during lactation Sadurskis,A.;Kabir,N.;Wager,J.;Forsum,E.
  3. Am J Clin Nutr v.39 Effect of maternal diet and body composition on lactating performance Butte,N.F.;Garza,C.;Stuff,J.E.;Smith,E.O.;Nicohols,B.L.
  4. J Am Diet Assoc v.69 Energy expenditure and composition of mature, pregnant and lactating women Blackburn,M.W.;Calloway,D.H.
  5. Am J Clin Nutr v.56 Energy intake, energy expenditure, and body composition of poor rural Philippine women throughout the first 6 mo of lactation Guillermo-Tuazon,M.A.;Barba,C.V.C.;Raaij van J.M.A.;Hautvaet,J.G.A.J.
  6. Am J Clin Nutr v.33 Energy expenditures and food intakes of lactating women in Guatemala Schutz,Y.;Lechtig,A.;Bradfield,R.B.
  7. Am J Clin Nutr v.58 Maternal weightloss patterns during prolonged lactation Dewey,K.G.;Heinig,M.J.;Nommsen,L.A.
  8. Am J Clin Nutr v.54 A new procedure to assess the energy requirements of lactation in Gambian women Frigerio,C.;Schutz,Y.;Whitehead,R.;Jequier,E.
  9. Br J Nutr v.24 The energy cost of human lactation Thomson,A.M.;Hytten,F.E.;Billewicz,W.Z.
  10. Recommended Dietary Allowance For Koreans(6th ed.) Republic of Korea Ministry of health and social affairs
  11. Korean J Nutr v.25 A Longitudinal study of the total nitrogen, total lipid, and lactose contents in human milk and energy intake of breast-fed infants Moon,S.J.;Lee,M.J.;Kim,J.H.;Kang,J.S.;Ahn,H.S.;Song,S.W.;Choi,M.H.
  12. Korean J Nutr v.24 An Ecological study of changes in the components of human milk during the breast feeding and the relationships between the dietary behavior of lactating women and the growth of breast-fed infants Choi,M.H.;Moon,S.J.;Ahn,H.S.
  13. Korean J Nutr v.26 Postpartum changes in maternal diet, body fat and anthropometric measurements in lactating vs nonlactating women Lee,G.J.;Moon,S.J.;Lee,M.J.;Ahn,H.S.
  14. Korean J Nutr v.24 A longitudinal study on human milk volume and lactational pattern Lee,J.S.;Kim,E.S.
  15. Korean J Nutr v.27 Composition and yield of Korean breast milk and maternal intakes of foods and nutrients Lee,J.A.;Hur,Y.R.;Lee,J.I.;Lim,H.S.
  16. Korean J Nutr v.24 A longitudinal study on human milk volume and lactational performance of Korean lacto-ovovegetarians Choi,K.S.;Kim,E.S.
  17. Am J Clin Nutr v.41 Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body Lukaski,H.C.;Johnson,P.E.;Bolonchuk,W.W.;Lykken,G.I.
  18. Am J Clin Nutr v.53 Determinants of energy, protein, lipid, and lactose concentrations in human milk during the first 12 mo of lactation : the DARLING study Nommsen,L.A.;Lovelady,C.A.;Heinig,M.J.;Lonnerdal,B.;Dewey,K.G.
  19. The Fire of life Kleiber,M.
  20. Anal Biochem v.83 A simplification of the protein assay method of Lowry(et al.) which is more generally applicable Peterson,G.L.
  21. J Biol Chem v.226 A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues Folch,J.;Lee,M.;Stanley,G.H.S.
  22. Food analysis Cho,K.H.;Cho,H.Y.;Park,C.K.;Cho,K.S.;Chai,S.K.;Ma,S.C.
  23. Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU meeting, WHO technical report series # 724 Energy and protein requirements World Health Organization
  24. Br J Nutr v.21 Changes in skinfolds during pregnancy Taggart,N.R.;Holliday,R.M.;Billewicz,W.Z.;Hytten,F.E.;Thomson,A.M.
  25. Lancet v.2 Infant growth and human milk requirements : A fresh approach Whitehead,R.G.;Paul,A.A.
  26. Am J Clin Nutr v.57 Energy expenditure in lactating women : A compaison of double labeled water and heart-rate-monitoring methods Lovelady,C.A.;Meredith,C.N.;McCrory,M.A.;Nommsen,L.A.;Joseph,L.J.;Dewey,K.G.
  27. Am J Clin Nutr v.52 Basal and postprandial metabolic rates in lactating and nonlactating women Motil,K.J.;Montandon,C.M.;Graza,C.
  28. Br Med J v.292 Diminution in energy expenditure during lactation Illingworth,P.J.;Jung,R.T.;Howie,P.W.;Leslie,P.;Isles,T.E.
  29. Mechanisms regulating lactation and infant nutrient ultilization Energy balance in lactation Coward,W.;Goldberg,G.;Prentice,A.;Picciano,E.(ed.);Lonnerdal,B.(ed.)
  30. Am J Clin Nutr v.52 Energy cost of physical activity throughout pregnancy and the first year postpartum in Dutch women with sedentary lifestyles Raaji van,J.M.A.;Schonk,C.M.;Vermatt-Miedema,S.H.;Peek,M.E.M.;Hautrast,J.G.A.J.
  31. J Nutr v.114 Lactational increases the efficiency of energy utilization in rats Roberts,S.B.;Coward,W.A.
  32. Br J Nutr v.24 The energy cost of human lactation Thomson,A.M.;Hytten,F.E.;Billewicz,W.Z.