오이 덩굴쪼김병(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) 방제에 대한 토양첨가제의 효과

Effect of a Soil Amendment for Controlling Fusarium Wilt of Cucumber caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum

  • 정봉구 (충북대학교 농과대학 농생물학과) ;
  • 류나영 (충북대학교 농과대학 농생물학과)
  • Chung, Bong-Koo (Department of Agri.-Biology, Chungbuk Nat'l University) ;
  • Ryou, Na-Young (Department of Agri.-Biology, Chungbuk Nat'l University)
  • 발행 : 1996.06.30

초록

오이 덩굴쪼김병에 효과 있는 새로운 토양첨가제의 조제와 방제효과를 구명코저 본 연구를 1993년부터 지난 2년간 수행하였다. 석회를 포함한 14종의 무기성분(1%, w/w)을 성분별로 공시하여 억제효과를 조사하였는데 특히 $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, Alum 및 CaO 등의 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum에 대한 포자발아 억제율은 72.8-97%였고 균사생장 억제율은 20.9-25%이었다. 한편 $Ca(NO_3)_2$는 균사생장에만, KCl, $K_2SO_4,\;NH_4NO_3$와 Urea는 포자발아에만 억제효과가 켰으며 그 억제율은 37.0-71.9%이었다. 결과적으로 7종의 무기성분이 선발되었다. 부숙소나무 수피등 2종의 유기물을 2, 5 및 10% 농도별로 공시한 결과 부숙소나무 수피는 알팔파 잎가루에 비하며 병원균의 포자발아나 균사신전 억제효과가 우수하였다. 소나무 수피와 무기성분(1%, w/w)을 혼합한 토양첨가제 처리토양에서 길항균(Tr-3)의 생장은 양호하였을 뿐만 아니라 병원군의 균사생장을 효과적으로 억제하였다. 그리고 길항세균(Pseudomonas sp.)여액에서의 병원균에 대한 길항력도 우수함이 확인되었다. 부숙 소나무수피와 알팔파 잎가루의 추출액배지에서의 균사생장 억제는 크지 않았으나 포자발아는 부숙 소나무수피액 처리에서 뚜렷하였고 농도에 따라 억제율이 90% 이상이었다. 무기성분과 부숙 소나무 수피가루 및 2종의 길항균을 토양에 혼합한 (1% w/w)구에서는 오이 덩굴쪼김병에 대한 방제효과가 폿트와 포장시험결과로 완벽함이 밝혀졌다. 따라서 토양 첨가제에 의한 오이 덩굴쪼김병의 생물학적 방제를 위하여 농가포장에서의 그 활용이 기대된다.

In order to find out effect on the inorganic and organic compounds as a soil amendment to control Fusarium wilt of cucumber caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, this study was conducted during the last two years from 1993 to 1995. According to add 14 inorganic chemicals (1%, w/v) including $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ individually in vitro, these chemicals were confirmed their suppression, and especially Alum, CaO and $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ suppressed not only $20.9{\sim}25.0$ percent on mycelial growth of the fungus, but also inhibited $72.8{\sim}97%$ on conidial germination. $Ca(NO_3)_2$ suppressed mycelial growth only, while KCl, $K_2SO_4,\;NH_4NO_3$, and Urea suppressed conidial germination. The 7 chemicals were finally seleced. Composted pine bark (CPB) suppressed definely more than 90% on conidial germination in the different extract concentration (2,5 and 10%), although mycelial growth on extract medium of CPB and milled alfalfa leaves (MAL) were not remarkable. The antagonist Trichoderma sp. (Tr-3) mixed with an amended soil (1%, w/w) containing composted pine bark showed a good mycelial growth to compete the causal fungus. And the antagonist Pseudomonas sp. (7-1-3) was also confirmed its antagonistic ability with culture filterate. It is known that a CPB soil amendment mixed with the two antagonists (1%, w/w) controlled almost completely Fusarium wilt of cucumber in greenhouse pots and a field experiment. It is therefore expected that biocontrol on Fusarium wilt of cucumber by a soil amendment can be applied to farmmer's fields.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Biological Control of Plant Pathogens Baker, K.F.;Cook, R.J.
  2. Phytopathology v.81 Influence of an antagonistic strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth and ability of Trichoderma harzianum to colonize Sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil Bin, L.;Knusden, G.R.;Eschen, D.J.
  3. Phytopathology v.71 Isolation and biocontrol potential of Trichoderma hamatum from soil naturally suppressive to Rhizoctonia solani Chet, I.;Baker, R.
  4. Biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens with fungal antagonists in combination with soil treatments;Biological control of soil borne plant pathogens Chet, I.;Hornby, D.(ed.)
  5. Korean J. Plant Pathol. v.3 no.4 Strategies for biological control of soilborne disease in economic crops in Korea Cho, E.K.
  6. Kor. J. Plant Pathol. v.5 no.3 Biological control of Fusarium wilt of cucumber (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) by Gliocladium virens and Trichoderma harzianum Cho, C.T.;Moon, B.J.;Ha, S.Y.
  7. Kor. J. Plant Pathol. v.10 no.4 Effect of soil amendment for controlling Fusarium wilt of sesame caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Chung, B.K.;An, S.S.
  8. Res. Rept. RDA (Agri. Institutional cooperation) v.29 Effect of soil amendments for suppressing occurrence of red pepper fruit rot caused by Phytophthora capsici and selection of effective antagonists Chung, B.K.;Jang, K.S.
  9. The nature and practice of biological control of plant pathogens Cook, R.J.;Baker, K.F.
  10. Phytopathol. v.50 Effect of dry mature plant materials and nitrogen on Rhizoctonia solani in soil Davey, C.B.;Papavizas, G.C.
  11. Plant Dis. v.64 Composted bark, a light weight growth medium with fungicidial properties Hoitink, H.A.J.
  12. Suppression of soilborne disease of ornamental plant by tree bark composts;Ecology and management of soilborne plant pathogens Hoitink, H.A.J.;Kuter, G.A.;Parker, C.A.(ed.);Rovira, A.D.(ed.);Moore, K.J.(ed.);Wong, P.T.W.(ed.);Kollmorgen, J.F.(ed.)
  13. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. v.24 Basis for the control of soil borne plant pathogens with composts Hoitink, H.A.J.;Fahy, P.C.
  14. Phytopathol. v.81 no.2 Formulation of a soil amendment to control damping-off of slash pine seedlings Huang, J.W.;Kuhlman, E.G.
  15. Phytapathol. v.81 no.2 Mechanisms inhibiting damping off pathogens of slash pine seedling with a formulated soil amendment Huang, J.W.;Kuhlman, E.G.
  16. Res. Progress. Reptr. Tokai-Kenki Natn. Agr Exp. Sta. v.1 One of the ideas on the control of soilborne diseases, especially on the control of radish yellows by adding chitin to soil Inoue, Y.;Takeuchi, S.;Komada, H.
  17. Kor. J. Plant Pathal. v.4 no.4 Studies on biological control of Phytophthora blight of red pepper II. Enhancement of antagonistic activity by soil amendment with organic materials Nam, C.G.;Jae, H.J.;Kim, C.H.
  18. Phytapathal. v.64 Effect of soluble aluminum on growth and pathogenicity of Verticillium albo-atrum and Whethzelinia sclerotianum from sunflower Orellana, R.G.;Foy, C.D.;Fleming, A.L.
  19. Phytopathol. v.58 Survival of root-infecting fungi in soil. II. Influence of amendment and soil carbon to nitrogen balance on Fusarium root rot of beans Papavizas, J.A.;Lewis, J.A.;Adams, P.B.
  20. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. v.23 Trichoderma and Gliocladium : Biology, ecology, and potential for biocontrol Papavizas, G.C.
  21. Kor. Soc. Plant Pathology. Impact of Rhizosphere competence of biological agents on disease suppression and plant growth promotion;Proceedings of international symposium on biological controls of plant disseases Park, C.S.
  22. Phytopathol. v.16 Some factors affecting the Pathogenicity of Actinomyces scabes Sanford, G.B.
  23. Phytopathol. v.72 Pine bark, hardwood bark composts, and peat amendment effects on development of Phytophthora spp., and lupine root rot Spencer, S.;Benson, D.M.
  24. Plant Dis. v.69 Formulated soil amendment for controlling Fusarium wilt and other soilborne diseases Sun, S.K.;Huang, J.W.