Morphological and Anatomical Response of Rice and Barnyardgrass to Herbicides under Various Cropping Patterns - I. Response to Pyrazolate

재배양식(栽培樣式)에 따른 수종(數種) 제초제(除草劑)에 대한 벼와 피의 해부형태적(解剖形態的) 반응차이(反應差異) - I. Pyrazolate에 대한 반응차이(反應差異)

Soil-applied pre-emergence herbicide, pyrazolate(4-(2, 4-dichlorobenzoyl)-1, 3-dimethyl pyrazol-5-yl-p-toluene sulphonate) induced, twist effect of shoots of barnyardgrass under dry conditions, and etiolated leaf and stem of that under water condition. Plant height and root length of rice broadcast on soil surface were similar to the untreated control, but plant height of rice drilled in soil was more inhibited than root length as compared with the untreated control, while development of barnyardgrass seedling was severely inhibited at 20 days after application. The inhibition rate was much higher under water condition than under dry condition, but difference in rice and barnyardgrass did not abserve. However, growth of transplanted rice shown to increase to the untreated control. Shoot and root fresh weight of rice broadcast on soil surface was increase as compared with the untreated control, and that of rice drilled in soil was not affected whereas that of barnyardgrass was severely inhibited by 42% and 41%, respectively. Under dry condition at 20 days after pyrazolate application while root growth of rice broadcast on soil surface under water condition was deadly inhibited and development of barnyardgrass was almost completely inhibited. On the other hand, microscopic studies showed that constriction of mesophyll cell by destruction of chloroplast of barnyardgrass were occurred only under dry condition, whereas damage of rice and barnyardgrass under water and transplanting condition were not observed. Anatomical change in the meristernatic region of rice and barnyardgrass was not occurred, and similar to intact plant regardless of cropping patterns.

재배양식별(栽培樣式別)로 발생전토양표면처리(發生前土壤表面處理)된 pyrazolate는 처리후(處理後) 10일째 피에서는 건답조건(乾畓條件)의 경우 twist현상(現像)이, 담수조건(湛水條件)에서는 백화현상(白化現像)이 현저하게 나타났다. 처리후(處理後) 20일째 표면직파(表面直播) 벼의 초장(草長) 및 근장(根長)은 무처리(無處理)와 유사하였으나, 토중(土中) 직파(直播)벼는 근장(根長)보다 초장(草長)이 더 억제(抑制)되었으며 피는 벼보다 심하게 억제(抑制)되었다. 담수조건(湛水條件)에서는 건답조건(乾畓條件)보다 더 심한 억제경향(抑制傾向)을 보였으나 벼와 피간의 뚜렷한 차이(差異)는 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 한편 이앙(移秧)벼의 초장(草長)과 근장(根長)은 무처리(無處理)에 비해 증가(增加)되는 생장(生長)을 보였다. 표면직파(表面直播)벼의 지상부(地上部) 및 지하부(地下部) 생체중(生體重)은 무처리(無處理)에 비해 오히려 증가(增加)되었고, 토중직파(土中直播)벼는 무처리(無處理)와 유사한 생장(生長)을 보였으나 피는 무처리(無處理)에 비해 각각 42% 및 41% 억제(抑制)되었다. 그러나 담수조건(湛水條件)의 표면직파(表面直播)벼에서는 지하부생장(地下部生長)이 치명적으로 억제(抑制)되었고 피는 완전히 생장(生長)이 억제(抑制)되었다. 이앙(移秧)벼는 무처리(無處理)와 유사한 생장(生長)을 보였다. 해부학적(解剖學的) 반응(反應)에 있어서 건답직파조건(乾畓直播條件)의 피에서만 엽록소(葉綠素) 파괴(破壞)에 의한 엽육조직(葉肉組織)의 위축(萎縮)과 엽초 및 엽시원체(葉始原體)의 위축(萎縮)으로 인한 두께감소가 관찰되었으나, 담수(湛水) 및 이앙조건(移秧條件)에서 벼와 피는 뚜렷한 해부학적(解剖學的) 변화(變化)는 관찰되지 않았다.