Lead Level in Blood, Scalp Hair and Toenail of Elementary Schoolchildren

국민학교 학생들의 혈액, 두발 및 조갑 내의 연농도 비교

This study was conducted to measure the lead level in the blood, scalp hair and toenail of the elementary schoolchildren and assess the relationship among those samples. Lead concentration of the blood, scalp hair and toenail was measured for 100(male 50, female 50) fourth grade elementary schoolchildren in Taegu city. The mean lead level in the blood, scalp hair and toenail was $6.00{\pm}2.44{\mu}g/dl,\;6.68{\pm}3.54{\mu}g/g,\;and\;7.33{\pm}3.18{\mu}g/g. The mean lead level in the blood of schoolboys was $6.43{\pm}2.77{\mu}g/dl$, and that of schoolgirls was $5.59{\pm}2.01{\mu}g/dl$. The mean lead level in the scalp hair of schoolboys was $7.66{\pm}2.97{\mu}g/g$ and that of schoolgirls was $6.88{\pm}3.54{\mu}g/g$. The mean lead level in the toenail of schoolboys was $8.19{\pm}3.5{\mu}g/g$ and that of schoolgirls was $6.47{\pm}2.52{\mu}g/g$ and their difference was statistically significant. In schoolboys, the correlation coefficient between the lead level in the blood and scalp hair was 0.4909, and the data were fitted best by the regression equation Y = 0.5255X+4. 2810, where Y and X are scalp hair and blood concentration. In schoolgirls the correlation coefficient between the lead level in the blood and scalp hair was 0.3778, and the data were fitted best by the regression equation Y = 0.6655X+2.9632, where Y and X are scalp hair and blood concentration. In schoolboys, the correlation coefficient between the lead level in the blood and in the toenail was 0.5533, and the data were fitted best by the regression equation Y = 0.7076X+3. 6472, where Y and X are toenail and blood concentration. In schoolgirls the correlation coefficient between the lead level in the blood and in the toenail was 0.2738, and the data were fitted best by the regression equation Y = 0.3431X+4.5570, where Y and X are toenail and blood concentration In schoolboys, the correlation coefficient between the lead level in the scalp hair and in the toenail, in the schoolboys was 0.4148, and the data were fitted best by the regression equation Y = 0.4956X+4.3986, where Y and X are toenail and scalp hair concentration. In schoolgirls, the correlation coefficient between the lead level in the scalp hair and in the toenail was 0.1159, and the data were fitted best by the regression equation Y = 0.0825X+5. 9214, where Y and X are toenail and scalp hair concentration. Correlation among lead concentration in the blood, scalp hair and toenail of schoolchildren were statistically significant except between scalp hair and toenail in schoolgirls. These finding suggest that blood, scalp hair and toenail can be used as substitutive samples between each others.

대구시내 중심가의 국민학교 4학년 학생 남녀 각 50명씩들을 대상으로 혈액, 두발 및 조갑 내의 연농도를 정량분석하고 이들 각 시료 내의 연농도의 상관관계를 조사한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 혈액, 두발 및 발들의 평균 연농도는 각각 $6.00{\pm}2.44{\mu}g/dl,\;7.17{\pm}3.28{\mu}g/g,\;7.33{\pm}3.18{\mu}g/g$이었다. 혈중 연농도는 남학생이 $6.43{\pm}2.77{\mu}g/dl$, 여학생이 $5.59{\pm}2.01{\mu}g/dl$, 두발 중 연농도는 남학생이 $7.66{\pm}2.97{\mu}g/g$, 여학생이 $6.68{\pm}3.54{\mu}g/g$로 남학생에서 높았으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으며, 발톱의 경우는 남학생에서 $8.19{\pm}3.54{\mu}g/g$, 여학생에서 $6.47{\pm}2.59{\mu}g/g$로 남학생에서 유의하게 높았다. 혈액, 두발과 발톱 중 연농도에 따른 학생들의 분포는 혈액은 남학생에서 $5.0\sim7.4{\mu}g/dl(38%)$, 여학생에서는 $2.5\sim4.9{\mu}g/dl(42%)$에 전체적으로는 $5.0\sim7.4{\mu}g/dl(41%)$에 가장 많이 분포하였다. 두발의 경우 남학생에서 $5.0\sim7.4{\mu}g/g(32%)$, 여학생에서 $2.5\sim4.9{\mu}g/g(34%)$에 전체적으로는 $2.5\sim4.9{\mu}g/g(28%)$에 가장 많이 분포하였다. 발들에서는 남학생에서 $5.0\sim7.4{\mu}g/g(34%)$, 여학생에서 $7.5\sim9.9{\mu}g/g(30%)$에 전체적으로는 $5.0\sim7.4{\mu}g/g(31%)$에 가장 많이 분포하였다. 또한 남학생의 8%, 여학생의 4%로 전체 학생들의 6%에서 혈액 중 연농도가 $10{\mu}g/dl$을 넘었다. 혈액, 두발과 발톱 사이의 연농도의 상관관계를 보면 남학생에서 혈액과 두발의 연농도 사이의 상관계수는 0.4909(p<0.001)(regression equation : Y(두발 중 연농도)=0.5255X(혈액 중 연농도)+4.2810)였으며, 여학생에서의 상관계수는 0.3778(p<0.001) (regression equation : Y(두발 중 연농도)=0.6655X(혈액 중 연농도)+2.9632)이었다. 남학생에서 혈액과 발톱 중 연농도 사이의 상관계수는 0.5533(p<0.01) (regression equation : Y(발톱 중 연농도)=0.7076X(혈액 중 연농도)+3.6472)였으며 여학생에서의 상관계수는 0.2738(regression equation : Y(발톱 중 연농도)=0.3431X(혈액 중 연농도)+4.5570이었다. 남학생에서 두발과 발톱 중 연농도 사이의 상관계수는 0.4148(p<0.001) (regression equation : Y(발들 중 연농도)=0.4956X(두발 중 연농도)+4.3986)였으며, 여학생에서의 상관계수는 0.1159(regression equation : Y(발톱 중 연농도)=0.0825X(두발 중 연농도)+5.9214)이었다. 본 연구의 결과에서 여학생의 두발과 발톱간을 제외하고, 대도시 남자 국민학교 학생들의 혈액, 두발, 발들의 연농도간의 유의한 관련성이 있으므로 혈액, 두발및 발톱을 연 폭로평가의 상호보완, 혹은 대체시료로써 이용의 가능성이 있다고 생각된다.