Solubilization of Insoluble Phosphates by Pseudomonas putida, Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus niger Isolated from Korean Soils

한국 토양(土壤)에서 분리(分離)된 Pseudomonas putida, Penicillium sp. 및 Aspergillus niger에 의한 난용성(難溶性), 인산염(燐酸鹽)의 가용화(可溶化)

Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms were isolated from agricultural area in Korea, and the solubilizing potential of microorganisms was evaluated in vitro. Of the several microorganisms Pseudomonas putida, Penicillium sp., and Aspergillus niger showed solubilization in all phosphatic compounds such as hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, aluminium phosphate and rock phosphate tested. Inorganic P solubilization was directly related to the pH drop by each microorganisms. Aspergillus niger was found to be more active in solubilizing phosphate than Pseudomonas putida and Penicillium sp.. The maximum concentration of phosphorus released from each of aluminium phosphate, hydroxyapatite and tri-calcium phosphate by Aspergillus niger in liquid culture was 776ppm, 665ppm and 593ppm, respectively when $KNO_3$ was added as nitrogen source. For rock phosphate, it was 411ppm with ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source.

토양(土壤)에 축적(蓄積)되어 있는 난용성(難溶性) 인산염(燐酸鹽)을 이용(利用)하고자 인산염(燐酸鹽) 가용화능(可溶化能)을 가지고 있는 Pseudomonas putida, Penicillium속(屬) 및 Aspergillus niger를 우리 나라 주요(主要) 경작지(耕作地) 토양(土壤)에서 분리(分離)하여 이들 균(菌)의 용해능(溶解能)을 측정(測定)하였다. 인산염(燐酸鹽) 용해량(溶解量)은 배지내(培地內)의 pH 저하(低下)와 밀접(密接)한 관계(關係)를 가지고 있었다. Pseudomonas putida, Penicillium속(屬)에 비(比)해 Aspergillus niger의 인산염(燐酸鹽) 가용화능(可溶化能)이 높았다. Aspergillus niger에 의한 인산염(燐酸鹽) 종류별(種類別) 최대(最大) 가용화량(可溶化量)은 질소원(窒素源)이 $KNO_3$일 때는 aluminium phosphate 776ppm, hydroxyapatite 665ppm, tai-calcium phosphate 593ppm이었으며 인광석(燐鑛石)은 질소원(窒素源)이 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$일 때 411ppm이었다.