A Study on the Lime Stabilization of Livestock Waste

축산폐기물의 안정화 처리에 대한 연구

One of alternative conventional technologies used for treatment of livestock wastes is composting process, and recently some mechanical composting processes are being practiced. It is, however, recognized the composting process also has its own limitations such as longer time requirement, and difficulties to estimate the degree of decomposition, etc. The incomplete compost contains potentially harmful materials to crops and public health due to instabilized organic contents and pathogenic organisms. The purpose of this investigation is to develop an innovative system whereby anxious livestock wastes are thoroughly stabilized and disinfected. Thus the overall management scheme should meet the following requirements. 1. A system should be in a cost-effective and environmentally sound manner. 2. Sludges must be chemically stabilized and bacteriologically safe. 3. Odor-free by product should be applied to crop land. 4. Sludges are sources of fertilizer nutrients and/or soil amendments to enhance crop production. 5. And they can be used as potential pH adjusting agent of the acidified soils. Overall effectiveness of the developed system is experimentally tested to satisfy the preset criteria and requirements. Major experiments are divided into four categories: they are 1. chemical stability test, 2. optimal condition test of stabilization process, 3. bacteriological examination and disinfection tests, and 4. deodorization tests The stabilization process is consisted of the stabilizing reaction process and the drying process. Stabilized wastes is dried by both sun dryer and rotary dryer. It is shown that an additive dosage of about g/kg solid in wastes with a minimum of 5-minutes reaction would be necessary for effective stabilization reaction. The stabilization process is consisted of the stabilizing reaction process and drying process. Stabilized wastes are dried by both sun dryer and rotary dryer. It is shown that an additive dosage of about 300g/kg solid in wastes with a minimum of 5-minutes reaction would be necessary for effective stabilization reaction. In the stabilization reaction process, the pH of wastes is lowered from initial values of 12.3 to 8.6. High pH prevents odor production and kills pathogenic organisms. Organic matter contents in the stabilized wastes are about 50% and the sum of contents of fertilizer elements such as total nitrogen, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ are about 5.3%. The livestock wastes that are stabilized chemically and hygienically can be used as a good soil conditioner and/or organic fertilizer.

축산폐기물의 처리에 이용되는 혐기성 및 호기성 소화법은 복잡한 처리기술과 유지관리 및 과다한 처리비용 등의 문제점이 있으며, 재활용법인 퇴비화는 긴 부숙기간, 수분조절제 사용 및 완숙도 판정의 어려움 등의 문제점이 있다. 이와 같은 축산폐기물의 기존 처리법의 문제점을 탈피하고 축산폐기물을 이화학적 및 위생학적으로 안정화시켜 축산폐기물 자체의 환경 부적인 측면인 악취, 기생충 및 병원균, 혐오감 등을 해소하며 처리물을 토양개량제 또는 유기질비료로 이용할 수 있는 축산폐기물의 안정화 처리 및 자원 재활용공정을 연구하였다. 본 논문은 대표적 축산폐기물의 하나인 돈분을 대상으로 안정화 반응조건을 확립하고 처리물의 안정성, 안전성, 위생성 및 비효성 등을 평가하는 목적으로 수행하였다. 연구결과 최적 안정화를 위한 첨가제의 투여량은 고형분 대비 약 30%, 반응시간은 약 5분이며, 건조는 자연건조 후 강제건조가 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 최종 안정화 처리물은 약알칼리성으로서 유기물 함량은 약 50% 내외, 비료성분인 총 질소, 인산 및 칼리의 합은 약 5.3%였다. 또한 안정화 처리시 암모니아, 황화수소 등의 악취물질이 거의 제거되었고, 일반세균과 대장균은 98% 이상, 기생충은 완전 사멸되었다. 따라서 돈분의 안정화 처리물은 토양개량제 또는 유기질비료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.