Transient Forces on Pipe Bends by the Propagation of Pressure Wave

External forecs acting on a pipe bend change when a transient pressure wave propagates through the bend. Analytical expressions are derived to compute the changes of these forces which depend mainly on static pressure rather than fluid momentum. This analysis reveals that the change of the vertical component of the force acting on a pipe bend with an angle larger than 90 may reverse in direction during the passage of a pressure wave through the bend.