Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the herbicidal activity, persistance, downward movement and effect on bentgrass of 7 dinitroaniline herbicides such as benefin [N-butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine], beslogine [N,N-dibutyl-2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethylaniline], prodiamine [2,4-dinitro-$N^3$,$N^3$-dipropyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzenediamine], pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine], trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine], ethalfluralin [N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine], and oryzalin [4-(diprop-ylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzene-sulfonamide) together with bensulide [O,O-bis(1-methylethyl) S-[2-[(phenyl-sulfonyl) amino]ethyl]phosphorodithioate] and siduron [N-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-N'-phenylurea) as the control. In addition, distribution of pendimethalin and benefin into bentgrass was also determined. Prodiamine, benefin, and pendimethalin at the 1/16 dose of the recommended rate showed very high herbicidal activity($LD_{90}$) on Digitaria sanguinalis, but ethalfluralin and bensulide showed $LD_{90}$ at the 1/4 dose of the recommended rate, showing difference in herbicidal activities among dinitroaniline herbicides. All the herbicides except for pendimethalin had the lower herbicidal activity in sandy soil than that of clay-loam soil. Benefin, beslogine, prodiamine, oryzalin, bensulide and siduron persisted in the soil for about 50 days, but pendimethalin persisted in the soil for about 35 days, and trifluralin and ethalfluralin for about 25 days. Ethalfluralin, oryzalin and bensulide were the most mobile(downward movement) of the 9 herbicides studied. Less mobility was observed in the turfgrass condition than that of the bare soil. Beslogine bensulide prodiamine and benefin had no injury effect on bentgrass(Agrastis atolonifera L., penncross creeping bent grass). However, herbicides like oryzalin, trifluralin and pendimethalin reduced the dry weight of bentgrass by 12%, 30% and 40%, respectively. No significant difference in distribution of pendimethalin and benefin into inner part of leaves, surface and wax layer of bentgrass was observed, and thus it seems that different phytotoxic effect between pendimethalin and benefin may be attributed to different metabolism and mode of action.
7종류(種類)의 dinitroaniline계(系) 제초제(除草劑)의 제초활성(除草活性), 잔효성(殘效性), 토양중(土壤中)의 하향(下向) 이동성(移動性), bentgrass에 대한 영향(影響) 및 pendimethalin과 benefin의 bentgrass 경엽(莖葉)에서의 분포(分布)에 대하여 실험(實驗)을 하여 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공시(供試) 제초제(除草劑)에 대한 바랭이(Digitaria sanguinalis)에 대한 살초력(殺草力)은 prodiamine, benefin, pendimethalin 등의 제초제(除草劑)에서는 표준량(標準量)의 1/16에서도 $LD_{90}$을 나타내어 아주 높았고, ethalfluralin, bensulide가 낮았다. Bensulide를 제외(除外)한 모든 공시(供試) 제초제(除草劑)는 식양토(埴壤土)에 비하여 모래에서 제초활성(除草活性)이 떨어졌다. 2. 잔효성(殘效性)($LD_{90}$의 지속기간(持續期間))은 benefin, beslogine, prodiamine, oryzalin, bensulide, siduron 등의 제초제(除草劑)에서는 약 50일간(日間), pendimethalin은 약 35일간(日間), trifluralin, ethalfluralin 등은 약 25일간(日間)이었다. 3. 제초제(除草劑)의 종류(種類)에 관계없이 잔디밭 표토(表土)에 처리(處理)한 것이 bentgrass green 모래 처리구(處理區)에 비하여 하향(下向) 이동성(移動性)이 작았으며, 잔디가 있는 처리구(處理區)가 잔디가 없는 처리구(處理區)보다 현저(顯著)하게 하향(下向) 이동성(移動性)이 작았다. Ethalfluralin, oryzalin, bensulide 등은 하향(下向) 이동성(移動性)이 큰 제초제(除草劑)이고 그 밖의 공시(供試) 제초제(除草劑)는 하향(下向) 이동성(移動性)이 비교적(比較的) 작았다. 4. Beslogine, bensulide, prodiamine, benefin 등은 bentgrass에 거의 약해(藥害)를 나타내지 않았으며, oryzalin, trifluralin 등은 약 12%, ethalfluralin은 30%, pendimethalin은 40%의 건물중(乾物重)을 감소(減少)시켜 제초제간(除草劑間)에 상이한 약해(藥害)을 보였다. 5. Pendimethalin과 benefin간(間)에는 bentgrass의 경엽표면(莖葉表面), 왁스층, 경엽내부(莖葉內部)에서 분포량간(分布量間)에 차이(差異)는 거의 없어서 두 제초제간(除草劑間)의 약해차이(藥害差異)는 체내대사(體內代謝)나 작용점(作用点)에서 활성(活性)의 차이(差異)에 기인(起因)하는 것으로 추정(推定)되었다.
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