KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE (한국작물학회지)
- Volume 37 Issue 2
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- Pages.123-133
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- 1992
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- 0252-9777(pISSN)
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- 2287-8432(eISSN)
Studies on the Improvement Effects Associated with High Yielding Characters in Recommended Varieties of Winter Wheat(Triticum aestivum L. emend Thell)
밀 장려품종에 있어서 다수확 관련형질의 개량효과
Abstract
This study was conducted to clarify progressed changes of plant types and the effects of the physiological and ecological components on improving ideotype of winter wheat. 12 wheat varieties were planted at the experimental farm of Wheat and Barley Research Institute in Suwon in 1990. As results of intensive wheat breeding for early maturity since 1959, heading, flowering and maturing dates have been shortened by 17, 15 and 14 dagys, respectively. The shortened days from sowing to heading and from heading to flowering contributed to the early maturity to improved. Physiological factors associated with heading time of wheat could be reprsented by growth habit, photoperiod responses, earliness in narrow sense and winter hardiness. For improving an early maturity of winter wheat, it would desired to maintain some degree of winter habit(III-IV), and recombination of more insensitivity to short day length and more shortened earliness in narrow sense than that of Saemil and Chugoku 81, and higher degree of winter hardiness. For improving the early maturity the more effective way must be of shortened days from sowing to heading, and days from flowering to maturity than days from heading to flowering. Ideotype of wheat will be desired to recombine two semi-dwarf genes with erect plant type being about 70-80cm, less stem elongation by late spring, long spike and many grains per spikelet. Average spike weight ratio was about 45-49% in high-yielding varieties, stem fresh weight was lighter, but spike fresh weight was heavier in new one while leaf fresh weight was similar to each other during the maturing periods. Average spike dry weight ratio was higher about 40~48%, and stem and leaf blade dry weights were lower in the newly bred varieties. Stem dry weight was heavier than spike or leaf dry weight in the old varieties of Yungkwang, Jangwang and Jinkwang. Leaf area index for the varieties showed normal distribution curve as the maximum point in booting stage. The maximum point of this curve come in early maturing wheat, and late in old one. The maximum points of LAI were 6.4~6.8 in the high-yielding varieties. Totals of LAI in each period investigated of old one were higher than those of newly bred being 24.6~28.8. Chlorophyll content of the high-yielding varieties of Chokwang, Geurumil and Saemil as higher than that of the old varieties Jangkwang, Jinkwang, Wonkwang and Sinkwang from regrowing period to April 21. after then slightly and even after heading. Net assimilation rate (NAR) was higher in high-yielding varieties with good plant type, and lower in old ones. Grain yield of the newly released varieties increased rapidly but slowly in the old ones. Change in water content of grain at the growing stage in newly bred was lower than that of the old bred. Diminishing rate of water content of grain in establishment per day was 1.2% average that of the old varieties including Yungkwang was 1.5%, and those of the newly bred including Chokwang were 0.9~1.1%. Chokwang, Naemil, and Saemil were the highest-yielding varieties of the Korean cultivars. Yields were increased by spikes per m
밀품종 영광외 12품종을 공시하여 맥류연구소 시험포장에서 1990년에 파종하여 이상형 밀품종육성을 위한 생리생태적 구성형질의 변화를 구명하고자 난괴법 3반복으로 시험하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 1959년부터 1980년까지 21년간 출수기가 17일, 개화기가 15일, 성숙기가 14일 각각 단축되었으며 조숙성품종육성을 위하여 출수일수 및 등숙일수의 단축이 효과적이었다. 2. 출수기에 관여하는 생리적요인은 춘추파성, 광주반응, 협의의 조만성 및 내한성인데 조숙화를 위하여 파성은 III~IV급, 단일반응은 새밀, 중국8001보다 둔감한 품종, 내한성은 그루밀, 새밀 정도인 품종 등이 요구된다. 3. 성숙기에 관여하는 요인은 출수일수, 개화일수, 등숙일수로서 출수일수를 단축시키는 것이 성숙기를 빠르게 하는데 가장 효과적이며 그 다음이 등숙일수이며 개화일수의 단축은 성숙기를 빠르게 하는데 효과가 적어 보였다. 4. 이상초형은 그루밀과 새밀의 단간직립형이며 반왜성유전자를 2개정도가진 간장은 70~80cm의 단간종이 다수확재배에 알맞고 간장이 짧으면 수장을 길게 하거나 소수당립수가 많은 것이 바람직하다. 5. 등숙중인 6월 2일, 8일, 15일의 경, 엽신, 수의 평균 생체중비율에 있어서 다수성품종은 수의 비율이 45-49%정도이며 과거육성품종에 비하여 최근육성품종은 경생체중은 낮으나 유생체중은 높고 엽신의 생체중 차이는 적었다. 6. 등숙중인 6월 2일, 8일, 15일의 m
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