한국제4기학회지 (The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research)
- 제6권1호
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- Pages.1-11
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- 1992
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- 1226-8448(pISSN)
한반도 식생 및 환경변천사(홀로세 이전 시대를 중심으로)
The Vegetational and Environmental History of the Pre-Holocene Period in the Korean Peninsula
초록
본 연구는 석탄기 이래 플라이스토세 말기까지 한반도가 겪어온 식생사와 환경사를 시계열적으로 분석한 것으로 식물화석 자료가 주로 이용되었다. 한반도에서 발견된 최고의 식물화석은 고생대 석탄기에 출현한 Neuropteris이지만 우리가 오늘날 볼 수 있는 식물상의 원형은 신생대 올리고세부터 발견되었다. 특히 올리고세에는 난지를 선호하는 상록활엽수가 오늘날에 비해 위도상으로
The reconstruction of the vegetational and environmental history of the Korean peninsula by the use of various fossil floral data from the Carboniferous period to the Pre-Holocene is reviewed. Though the oldest plant fossil in Korea (Neuropteris) dates back to the Carboniferous period, the first appearance of many of the present-day floristic genera indeed dates back to the Oligocene (c. 40 to 20 million years B.P.), and includes many thermophilous genera. The presence of thermophilous genera in the Oligocene at up to four degrees north of their present distributional limits implies that the climate of the Oligocene was warmer than that of today. The occurrence of similar thermophilous floristic element at up to six degrees north of their present range during the Middle Miocene suggests a maximum northward expansion of warmth-loving evergreen broadleaved vegetation for, recent Korean vegetation history. The continued occurrence of numerous present-day genera since the Oligocene period indicates a long-term stability of Korean vegetation, along with minor fluctuations within it. The admixture of evergreen coniferous plants and deciduous breadleaved plants, however, indicates a probable temperate climate for much of the Middle Pleistocene. There are couple of evidences which are indicative of an early-stage anthropogenic disturbance of natural vegetation during the Middle Pleistocene of Korea. The presence of cold-episodes during the Upper Pleistocene caused a general expansion of deciduous plants and cryophilous evergreen coniferous, plants. It is likely that the maximum southward expansion of cryophilous arctic-alpine and alpine floras in Korea occured during the penultimate glacial period. The disappearance of some cryophilous genera from 10,000 years B.P. marks the continued climatic amelioration since then, along with minor climatic fluctuations during the Holocene period.
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