Abstract
To prepare a new type of fish sauce from skipjack scrap, it was examined the effect of koji on the sauce flavor, conditions of low salt fish sauce processing and the changes of taste com-pounds during its fermentation. To prepare the skipjack scrap sauce, chopped skipjack head paste was mixed with $6.6\%$ skipjack viscera, $26.9\%$ koji, $71\%$ of $25\%$ brine, $13.3\%$ salt and $7.6\%$ glucose, and fermented at $25\pm4^{\circ}C$ for 90 days. The same process was also carried out to prepare the low salt skipjack scrap sauce adding $7.6\%$ sorbitol, $0.3\%$ lactic acid and $9.8\%$ ethyl alcohol instead of $13.3\%$ salt. The major free amino acids in the products were glutamic acid, Iysine, valine, phenylalanine, alanine, leucine and isoleucine at 90 days of fermentation. And the contents of total free amino acids in both products were 3,307mg/00m1, 3,637.1mg/100m1 at 90 days of fermentation. The predominating non-volatile organic acids showed in the products were lactic acid, succinic acid, pyroglutamic acid, which were $90\%$ over contents of the total non-volatile organic acids. Total non-volatile organic acid contents in both products were 1,002.1mg/100ml, 1,312.9mg/100m1 at 90 days of fermentation. During fermentation of sauce, ADP, AMP and IMP were decreased, while inosine and hypoxanthine were increased. The major taste compounds of the products were rove진ed free amino acids and non-volatile organic acids. The nucleotides and their related compounds, total creatinine, betaine, TAMO and sugar were seemed to be having an auxiliary role in taste of those products. Fishy odor in skipjack scrap sauce can be improved by adding koji. And the low salt skipjack scrap sauce ($9.12\%$ of salt contents) can be prepared by the replacement of a part of salt with sorbitol, lactic acid and ethyl alcohol. From the results of sensory evaluation and chemical experiments, the skipjack scrap sauce products supposed to be at least equal to the sold soy sauce on the market in quality.
수산물가공잔사를 효율적으로 이용하기 위한 일련의 연구로서 가다랑어잔사를 이용한 어간장을 제조하기 위 한 기초실험을 하였으며, 코오지 첨가에 의한 풍미개선 및 솔비톨, 젖산, 알코올 등의 첨가에 의한 어간장의 저염화를 시도하였고 아울러 숙성중 어간장의 정미성분도 분석하였다. 초퍼로 마쇄한 가다랑어두부에 대하여 가다랑어내장 $6.6\%$, 코오지 $26.7\%$, $25\%$ 식염수 $71.7\%$, 식염 $13.3\%$, 포도당 $7.6\%$를 첨가하여 혼합한 후 상온에서 90일간 숙성시켜 코오지첨가어간장 K를 제조하였고, 어간장 K의 제조시 첨가한 식염대신 솔비톨 $7.6\%$, 젖산 $0.3\%$, 알코올 $9.8\%$를 첨가하여 식염농도 $9.12\%$인 저염어간장 L을 제조하였다. 숙성중 어간장 K 및 L의 총유리아미노산함량은 증가하여 숙성 90일째 각각 3,307.7mg/100m1, 3,637.1mg/100m1이었으며 함량이 많은 유리아미노산으로는 glutamic acid, Iysine, valine, phenylalsnine, alanine, leucine 및 isoleucine등이었고 이들은 전체의 $60\%$ 이상을 차지하였으며, 총불휘발성유기산은 숙성중 증가하여 숙성 90일째 어간장 K는 1,002.1mg/100ml, L은 1,312.9mg/100ml였으며, 함량이 많은 불휘발성유기산으로는 lactic acid, succinic acid 및 pyroglutamic acid 등이었고 이들은 전체의 $90\%$이상을 차지하였다. 숙성중 핵산관련물질은 ADP, AMP, IMP는 감소하였으며, inosine과 hypoxanthine은 상대적으로 증가하여 숙성 90일째 hypoxanthine이 대부분을 차지하였다. 숙성중 어간장 K 및 L에 있어서 betaine은 감소하였으며 총 creatinine은 거의 변화가 없었고, TMAO는 감소한 반면 TMA는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 가다랑어잔사어간장의 제조시 코오지를 첨가함으로서 어간장의 풍미를 개선할 수 있었으며 총사입량에 대하여 솔비톨 $3.2\%$, 젖산 $0.3\%$, 에틸알코올을 $4\%$ 첨가함으로서 품질면에서 양호한 저염어간장을 제조할 수 있었다.