보릿짚시용(施用)이 논토양(土壤)의 생화학성(生化學性)에 미치는 영향(影響)

Effects of Barley Straw on the Biochemical Properties in the Submerged Soil

보릿짚시용(施用)이 수도재배(水稻栽培) 논 토양(土壤)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 규명하기 위하여 투수(透水)를 실시하여 토양중(土壤中) 질소고정(窒素固定)에 관여하는 미생물(微生物), Acetylene 환원력(還元力), 효소활성(酵素活性), 당(糖)을 조사분석(調査分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 질소고정(窒素固定) 미생물중(微生物中) Azotobacter는 경시적(經時的)으로 증가(增加)하였고 재배구(栽培區)에서 보릿짚시용(施用)에 의해 $17.61{\times}10^4$ 으로 증가(增加)하였으며 Clostridia는 재배구(栽培區)에서 보릿짚시용(施用)에 의해 분열기에 $34.56{\times}10^4$ 으로 증가(增加)하였다가 그 후(後)에는 $0.3{\times}10^4$ 으로 감소(減少)하였다. Blue-green algae는 출수기에 $18.0{\times}10^3$ 으로 증가(增加)하였다가 그 후(後)에는 $0.46{\times}10^4$ 으로 감소(減少)하였는데 보릿짚시용(施用)에 의해 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)이었다. 2. Acetylene 환원력(還元力)은 출수기에 0.012nmol/hour로 감소(減少)하였다가 수확기에 0.44nmol/g/hour로 증가(增加)하였으며 보릿짚시용(施用)에 의한 뚜렷한 차이(差異)는 없었다. 3. 효소활성(酵素活性)의 변화(變化)는 ${\beta}$-glucosidase가 출수기에 $426.8{\mu}mol/g/hour$로 크게 증가(增加)하였다가 그 후(後)에는 $71.64{\mu}mol/g/hour$로 감소(減少)하였으며 Phosphatase는 무재배구(無栽培區)에서 경시적(經時的)으로 감소(減少)하였으나 재배구(栽培區)에서는 경시적(經時的)으로 증가(增加)하였다. Protease는 출수기에 $73.1{\mu}mol/g/hour$로 증가(增加)하였으며 보릿짚시용(施用)에 의해 분얼기 무재배구(無栽培區)에서 $94.71{\mu}mol/g/hour$, 출수기 재배구(栽培區)에서 $73.1{\mu}mol/g/hour$로 증가(增加)하였다. 4. 토양중(土壞中) 당(糖)의 변화(變化)는 경시적(經時的)으로 감소(減少)하였으며 보릿짚시용(施用)에 의해 분얼기 재배구(栽培區)의 hexose가 $58.73{\mu}g/g$로 크게 증가(增加)되었다. 5. 유기물(有機物)의 형태(形態)는 ligno-protein이 재배구(栽培區)와 무재배구(無栽培區)에서 보릿짚시용(施用)에 의해 각각(各各) 3840.8mg/100g dry soil, 3898.6mg/100g dry soil로 가장 높았다.

To investigate the effects of barley straw on microflora, acetylene reducing activity, enzyme activity and sugar in relation to nitrogen fixation in submerged soil. The obtained results were summarized as follow: Of the nitrogen fixing microorganisms, the number of Azotobactor tended to increase with the application of barley straw as the rice grew. The number of Clostridia were increased at the tillering stage of plant and decreased thereafter, and that of Blue-green algae tended to increase at the heading stage and to decrease thereafter. On the other hand, the number of Blue-green algae tended to increase by the application of barley straw. Acetylene reducing activity was decreased in the heading stage and increased in the harvesting stage. There was no difference of acetylene reducing activity between the application of barley straw and control. In submerged soil treated with barley straw, enzyme activity of ${\beta}$-glucosidase was increaded significantly but that of phosphatase was not entirely affected. Of the change of enzyme activity, the observation of ${\beta}$-glucosidase was increased at the heading stage and decreased thereafter, and the activity of phosphatase tended to decrease in the submerged soil when rice plants were not cultured and to increase in the submerged soil when rice plants were cultured. Protease tended to increase in the heading stage and increase in the tillering stage and heading stage with the application of barley straw. The change of sugar was decreased and hexose was increased in the tillering stage with the application of barley straw.