The Minimum Concentration of Organic Solvents Inducing Phytotoxicity and Their Symptoms

유기용매(有機溶媒)의 약해유발(藥害誘發) 농도(濃度)와 그 증상(症狀)

The minimum concentrations of organic solvents inducing phytotoxicity were investigated after spraying or flooding solvent solutions to annual plants. In the foliar treatment of upland test, solvents with high-boiling point or low-polarity induced severe phytotoxicity. Especially, aromatic solvents induced severe phytotoxicity. The most sensitive plant to phytotoxicity was soybean. In the pre-emergence treatment of upland test, the solvents with high-boiling point only induced phytotoxicity at high concentration. The degree of phytotoxicity induced by foliar spray in the condition of paddy field was similiar to that of upland test, but in the pre-emergence test, the former was more severe than the latter. Among 6 treatments, phytotoxicity induced by solvents was most severe in the pre-emergence test under the condition of flooding paddy field. Generally, alcohols induced severe phytotoxicity, especially, ethanol at 0.001%.

1) 밭상태 경엽처리에서 비등점이 높은 용매일수록 더 낮은 농도에서 약해를 유발하였으며, 방향족 용매의 약해유발 최저농도가 가장 낮았다. 용매에 의한 약해에 가장 민감한 식물은 콩, 둔감한 식물은 상치였다. 2) 밭상태 발아전 토양처리에서는 비등점이 높은 용매만이 고농도에서 약해를 유발하였다. 3) 건답상례 경엽처리는 밭상태의 결과와 유사하였으나 용매의 비등점과 약해 유발최저농도간에는 고도로 유의한 부의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 발아전 처리에서는 밭상태보다 약해유발이 심하였다. 4) 논담수상태 시험에서는 발아전처리에서 약해 유발이 심하였으며 가장 약해가 심한 것은 알콜류로 ethanol은 0.001%에서도 약해를 유발하였다.