토양개량제(土壤改良劑) 처리(處理)가 토양(土壤)의 물리성(物理性)과 대두(大豆) 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)

Effects of Soil Conditioner Treatments on the Changes of Soil Physical Properties and Soybean Yields

토양개량제(土壤改良劑)가 토양(土壤) 입단형성(粒團形成)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하고 토양(土壤) 입단(粒團)의 특성(特性)이 토양(土壤) 및 작물생육(作物生育)에 미치는 효과(效果)를 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 토양개량제(土壤改良劑) PAM 및 Bitumen 을 사양토(砂壤土) 및 미사질(微砂質) 식양토(埴壤土)에 각각(各各) 0.5%, 1%씩 처리(處理)하여 입단(粒團)의 안정성(安定性), 습윤각(濕潤角), 평균(平均) 중량직경(重量直徑), 통기성등(通氣性等)을 조사(調査)하고 토양개량제(土壤改良劑)를 미사질(微砂質) 식양토(埴壤土) pot에 각각(各各) 0.5%, 1%씩 표면(表面) 처리(處理)하여 대두(大豆) 생육(生育)과 토양(土壤) 특성(特性) 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)하였다. 1. 토양개량제(土壤改良劑) PAM 및 Bitumen 처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 토양입단(土壤粒團)의 안정성(安定性)은 현저(顯著)히 증대(增大)되었으며 동일농도(同一濃度)에서 PAM은 사양토(砂壤土)에서 Bitumen은 미사질(微砂質) 식양토(埴壤土)에서 더 효과적(效果的) 이었다. 2. PAM 처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 토양(土壤)의 습윤각(濕潤角)은 크게 변화(變化)되지 않았으나 Bitumen 처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 토양(土壤)의 소수성(疎水性)은 크게 증대(增大)되었다. 3. PAM 및 Bitumen 처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 통기성(通氣性) 및 수분(水分)의 침투속도(浸透速度)가 증대(增大)되고 수분함량(水分含量)이 많아졌다. 4. 대두(大豆)의 생육(生育)은 토양개량제(土壤改良劑) 처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 무처리(無處理)보다 초기(初期) 생육(生育)이 양호(良好)하고 수량(收量)은 6-13% 증수(增收) 되었다.

This experiment was designed to find out the effects of soil conditioner, Polyacrylamide (PAM) and Bitumen, on the changes of soil aggregate properties and crop yields. The soil conditioners were treated at the rates of 0.5% and 1% to sandy loam and silty clay loam soils. The aggregate stability, wetting angle, mean weight diameter and air permeability were analyzed. Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the soybean growths and soil property changes after the soil conditioners were sprayed to surface soils. Soil aggregate stability was increased remarkably by the soil conditioner, PAM and Bitumen, treatments. PAM was more effective in sandy loam than silty clay loam, but Bitumen was better in silty clay loam. Wetting angle of the soil was changed slightly by PAM treatment, but it was greatly changed to hydrophobic by Bitumen treatment. Air permeability, water infiltration rate and moisture retention of the soils were increased by surface application of soil conditioners, PAM and Bitumen. The growths of soybean in conditioner applicated pots were better than those of untreated pots from early stage, and the yields were increased 6-13%.