Effects of Soil Aggregate Stability and Wettability on Soil Loss

토양입단(土壤粒團)의 안정성(安定性)과 친수성(親水性)이 토양유실(土壤流失)에 미치는 영향(影響)

This experiment was designed to find out the soil properties to control the soil erodibility. Two kinds of soil conditioners, hydrophilic Uresol and hydrophobic Bitumen were treated to sandy loam and silt loam. Soil erodibility was tested during a simulated rainfall in a soil pan which was covered with a 2cm layer of treated and untreated aggregates (< 5.36mm) on a soil layer. The runoff starting time was delayed 8-20 minutes by Uresol treatment and it was hasten 1-21 minutes by Bitumen treatment. Runoff rates were reduced by Uresol to 62.5% in sandy loam and 93.7% in silt loam, but it was increased by Bitumen treatment. Erosion from the Uresol treated soil was remarkably reduced to 1.7-23.6% of that in the untreated soil. In case of the Bitumen treatment, the soil loss from silt loam was reduced to 55.5% of the control, but it was increased in sandy loam soil by 52% over the control. The ratio of soil loss and runoff, sediment concentration in runoff, was noticeably increased when the soil structure was unstable. There was significant correlation between soil loss and logarithm of wetting angle-stability index. Soil loss was greatly increased when the index was less than 0.2.

토양유실(土壤流失)을 지배(支配)하는 토양특성(土壤特性)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 사양토(砂壤土)와 미사질양토(微砂質壤土)에 친수성(親水性)인 Uresol과 소수성(疎水性)인 Bitumen을 처리(處理)하여 토양입단(土壤粒團)의 특성(特性)을 달리한 후, 인공강우하(人工降雨下)에서 토양유실량(土壤流失量)을 조사(調査)하였다. 강우시작후(降雨始作後) 초기(初期) 유거(流去)가 일어나는 시간(時間)은 소수성(疎水性)인 Bitumen처리(處理)에 의하여 빨라졌으며 친수성(親水性)인 Uresol처리(處理)에 의하여는 현저히 늦어졌다. Bitumen처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 유출량(流出量)은 증가되고 유출비(流出比)는 감소(減少)되었으나 Uresol처리(處理)는 유출량(流出量)과 유출비(流出比) 모두 감소(減少)시켰다. 토양유실(土壤流失)은 Uresol처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 1.7~23.6%로 크게 감소(減少)되었으며, Bitumen처리(處理)는 미사질양토(微砂質壤土)에서는 55.5%로 낮아졌으나 사양토(砂壤土)에서는 무처리(無處理) 보다 오히려 증가되었다. 토양구조(土壤構造)가 안정(安定)할수록 토양유실(土壤流失)이 크게 억제(抑制)되어 낮은 유실량(流失量)/유출양비(流出量比)를 나타내었으며 습윤각(濕潤角)-안정지수(安定指數)는 토양유실(土壤流失)과 대수함수적(對數函數的)인 상관(相關) ($r=-0.935^{**}$)이 있었다.