Effects of the Water Temperature Differences on Rice Growth in a Paddy Field

수온차이(水溫差異)가 수도생육(水稻生育)에 미치는 영향(影響)

  • Published : 1985.12.30

Abstract

The four rice varieties, Kwanak, Nongbaek, Pungsan and Nampung-byo were cultivated to examine the growth conditions and grain yield in a Gyuam SiL paddy field irrigated with cold water around $17^{\circ}C$. Water temperatures for various distances from the inlet were measured. The results were summerized as follows. 1. Culm length, panicle exertion, diameter of the 3rd internode stem, heading date, fertilization rate, ripeness rate, no. of grains per panicle and grain yield were sensitive to water temperature. Panicle length, flag-leaf length, diameter of spike-neck and no. of panicles, however, were negligibly sensitive and there were no differences among varieties. 2. Elongations of the 2nd and 3rd internode steam were unsensitive to water temperature. 1st internode elongation and 4th internode development, however, were sensitive which was major factor in the culm length. 3. Ratios of partial dry weight to total dry weight were closely correlated with water temperature, Therefore, dry weight of grain was increased with water temperature while that of plant and root decreased. 4. Chlorophyll contents were decreased with the increment of water temperature and the highest at $20^{\circ}C$. 5. There was no grain yield at $17^{\circ}C$, Increases of grain yield to water temperature per unit were order at Pungsan > Kwanak > Nongbaek > Nampung. 6. The critical temperature in grain yield was $21^{\circ}C$. Optimum temperatures of Japonica ${\times}$ Indica types were higher than those of Japonica types.

수온차이(水溫差異)가 수도(水稻) 생장특성(生長特性) 변화(變化)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 보기 위하여 내랭수성(耐冷水性)이 각각(各各) 다른 4개 품종(品種)(관악(冠岳)벼 농백(農白)벼 풍산벼 남풍벼)을 규암(規岩) 미사질양토(微砂質壤土)에 공시(供試)하여 수온별(水溫別)로 조사(調査)하였다. 1. 수온(水溫)에 따라 품종(品種)에 관계(關係)없이 민감(敏感)하게 변화(變化)되는 생육특성(生育特性)은 간장(稈長), 추출도(抽出度), 제(第) 3 절간직경(節稈直徑), 출수일수(出穗日數), 임실률(稔實率), 등숙율(登熟率), 수당립수, 수량등(收量等) 이었고 수장(穗長), 지엽장(止葉長), 이삭목 굵기, 수수등(穗數等)은 품종(品種)에 따라 변화(變化) 양상(樣相)이 다르나 수온(水溫)과 관계(關係)가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 2. 제(第) 2, 제(第) 3 절간장(節稈長)은 수온변화(水溫變化)에 둔감(鈍感)하나 제(第) 1 절간장(節稈長)의 신장(伸長)과 제(第) 4 절간(節稈)의 출현(出現)은 수온(水溫)에 민감(敏感)하여 간장(稈長) 결정(決定)의 주요인(主要因)으로 생각되었다. 3. 부위별건물중(部位別乾物重), 총건물중(總乾物重) 비율(比率)은 수온(水溫)에 민감(敏感)하였으며 수온(水溫)이 상승(上昇)하면 종실건물중(種實乾物重) 비율(比率)은 증가(增加)되고 경엽(莖葉)과 뿌리의 점유율(占有率)은 현저(顯著)히 감소(減少)되었다. 4. 체내(體內) 엽록소농도(葉綠素濃度)는 수온(水溫) $20^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았고 수온증가(水溫增加)에 따라 점차(漸次) 감소(減少)되었다. 5. 수온별(水溫別) 정조수량(正租收量)은 $17^{\circ}C$에서는 개무상태(皆無狀態)이었고 품종별(品種別) 단위수온(單位水溫) 증가당 수량증대폭(水量增大幅)은 풍산>관악(冠岳)>농백(農白)>남풍 순(順)이었다. 6. 평균수온(平均水溫) $21^{\circ}C$는 수량(收量)의 적기점(赤起點)이 되었고, 다수계(多收系) 품종(品種)의 적정수온(適正水溫) 조건(條件)은 일반계(一般系)보다 높았다.

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