메꽃의 생물학적(生物學的) 특성(特性)

Biological Characteristics of Calystegia japonica

전작(田作) 및 과수원(果樹園)의 주요(主要) 다년생(多年生) 잡초(雜草)의 하나인 메꽃(Calystegia japonica Choisy)의 생육(生育)에 미치는 pH, 건조시간(乾燥時間), 발생심도(發生深度), 토양수분(土壤水分) 및 광도(光度)의 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하였다. 메꽃 지하경(地下莖) 생존율(生存率)은 $35^{\circ}C$에서 14시간(時間) 이상(以上) 건조(乾燥)되면 급격(急激)하게 감소(減少)되고, 생존(生存)되더라도 그 생육(生育)은 극히 저조(低調)하였으며, 발생심도(發生深度)가 0cm 혹은 8cm 이하(以下)로 될 때에는 생육(生育)이 크게 떨어졌다. 토양수분(土壤水分) 40~60%가 생육(生育)에 최적수준(最適水準)이었다. 메꽃의 초장(草長)은 광도(光度)의 증가(增加)로 감소(減少)되었지만, 근장(根長)과 건물중(建物重)은 증가(增加)하였다.

The growth of Calystegia japonica Choisy as affected by pH, drying, burial, soil moisture and light intensity was determined. Germination of C. japonica rhizome was not affected by pH's ranging from 4.8 to 8.7,while the greatest growth after germination was obtained at pH 5.7. Drying longer than 14 h at $35^{\circ}C$ brought about a significant reduction in percent survival and the subsequent growth of C. japonica. A significant decrease in growth of C. japonica occurred when the rhizome was buried at 0 ㎝ and deeper than 8 cm. The greatest growth was obtained when the soil moisture content reached 40 to 60% of saturated soil. Increasing percent available light resulted in decrease in the plant height, but increase in the root length and dry weight.