토양개량제(土壤改良劑) Uresol 및 Bitumen처리(處理)가 토양(土壤)의 수분이동(水分移動)과 유실(流失)에 미치는 영향(影響) II. 습윤각(濕潤角)과 수분(水分)의 광산계수변화(鑛散係數變化)

Effects of Soil Conditioner "Uresol and Bitumen" Treatments on Water Movement and Soil Loss II. The Changes of Wetting Angle and Water Diffusivity

토양개량제(土壤改良劑) 처리(處理)가 토양중(土壤中)에서 수분(水分)의 이동(移動)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코져 사양토(砂壤士)와 미사질양토(微砂質壤土)에 친수성(親水性)인 Uresol과 소수성(疎水性)인 Bitumen을 처리(處理)하여 습윤각(濕潤角), 침투성(浸透性) 및 확산계수(擴散係數) 변화(變化)를 측정(測定)하였는 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. Uresol 처리(處理)에 의하여 사양토(砂壤土) 습윤각(濕潤角)이 $10^{\circ}$이상(以上) 감소(減少)되어 친수성(親水性)이 증대(增大)되었으나 미세질양토(微砂質壤土)는 큰 변화(變化)가 없었다. 2. Bitumen 처리(處理)로 미세질양토(微砂質壤土)의 습윤각(濕潤角)은 무처리(無處理) $76.0^{\circ}$에서 $84.9^{\circ}$로 증가(增加)되었으며 사양토(砂壤土)는 소수성(疎水性)으로 변하였다. 3. 침투성(浸水性)(Penetrability)과 흡수성(吸水性)(Sorpotivity)은 Uresol 처리(處理)에 의하여 사양토(砂壤土)에서는 2배이상(倍以上) 증가(增加)되었고 미세질양토(微砂質壤土)에서는 큰 차이가 없었으나, Bitumen 처리(處理)는 두 토양의 침투성(浸水性)을 반이하(半以下)로 억제(抑制)시켰다. 4. 수분(水分)의 침투성(浸水性)은 습윤각(濕潤角)의 여현(餘弦)(cos ${\alpha}$)과 정비례(正比例)하였다. 5. 수분(水分)의 확산계수(擴散係數)는 토양개량제(土壤改良劑) 처리(處理)로 크게 변화(變化)되었으며, 그 차이(差異)는 토양수분함량(土壤水分含量)이 적을수록 심(甚)하였다.

In order to find out the effects of soil conditioner treatment on the water movement in sandy loam and silt loam soils were treated with two different kinds of soil conditioners, hydrophobic Bitumen 0.4% or hydrophillic Uresol 0.6%, and the changes of wetting angle (soil-water contact angle), penetrability and diffusivity were measured. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Uresol 0.6% treatment decreased the wetting angle of sandy loam more than $10^{\circ}$, but there was no big difference in silt loam. 2. Sandy loam soil was changed to almost hydrophobic and the wetting angle of silt loam soil was increased to $84.9^{\circ}$ as compared to $76.0^{\circ}$ of untreated soil by Bitumen 0.4% treatment. 3. By Uresol treatment, penetrability of sandy loam was doubled but there was not difference in silt loam, and it was decreased to half in two soils by Bitumen treatment. 4. A significant positive correlation between penetrability and the cosine of wetting angle was recognized. 5. Soil water diffusivity was greatly changed by soil conditioner treatment, and the big differences were appeared at lower soil moisture content.