A Study on the Conversion to Feed Stuff from Cellulosic Biomass

섬유질자원(纖維質資源)의 사료(飼料) 전환(轉換)

To utilize several species of hard wood as raw materials of feed products, fermentation characteristics of cellulosic substrates to single cell protein was investigated, and results were summarized as follows. Among the microorganisms investigated, Tricoderma viride was selected as one of the most cellulolytic. Mixed culture of fungi did not show a synergistic effect on cellulose degradation. When the fungi were cultured at $28^{\circ}C$ for 7 days in a medium containing wheat bran 25 g, cellulose 0.25 g, proteose peptone 0.025 g and tween 800.025 g, cellulotic activities on carboxy methyl cellulose and filter paper reached maximum at 12 hr. The alkali treatment resulted in increased degradation of substrate from 13 to 18% when treated with enzymes for 12h, and reducing sugar formation increased with decreased size of substrates. Glucose was a very good feedback inhibitor of the enzyme from T.viride than that of xylose. When the substrate was rehydrolyzed, hydrolysis rate was 31% to reducing sugars within 12 hr. Quantative anlysis with HPLC showed the ratio of glucose to xylose in sugar syrups as 1.77 to 1. For the purpose of producing cellulosic-single cell protein from the sawdust of mulberry tree, 15 strains of xylose-assimilating yeast were isolated from 42 samples of rotten woods and compost soils and examined for their ability to utilize xylose. Then three strains were selected by their strong xylose-assimilating activities. The cultivative condition, the growth characteristics, and protein and nucleic acid productivities of three strains were investigated. The results obtained were, 1. Wood hydrolysate of mulberry tree was assimilated by 5 strains of CHS-2, CHS-3, ST-40, CHS-12 and CHS-13. 2. The optimum initial pH and temperature for the growth of strain CHS-13 were 4.4 and $30^{\circ}C$. 3. The specific growth rate of strain CHS-13 was $0.23h^{-1}$ and generation time was 3.01 hrs at the optimum condition. 4. CHS-13 strain assimilated 81 % of sugar in wood hydrolysate. 5. CHS-13 strain was identified as Candida guilliermondii var. guilliermondii 6. When the CHS-13 strain was cultured in the wood hydrolysate containing yeast extract, L-protein content was increased with yeast extract concentration. 7. The L-protein and nucleic acid yields from wood hydrolysate were 0.73 mg/ml and $4.92{\times}10^{-2}\;mg/ml$ respectively. 8. An optimal nucleic acid content of CHS-13 strain was observed in the medium containing 0.2% of yeast extract.

속성수로서 현재까지 이용연이 그리 넓지 못한 활엽수(闊葉樹)를 이용(利用)한 당화액(糖化液)으로 단세포단백질(單細胞蛋白質) 생산(生産)에 의(依)한 사료화(飼料化) 전환(轉換)에 관(關)한 기초적(基礎的)인 몇가지 실험(實驗)을 한 결과(結果)는 아래와 같다. Aspergillus niger sm-10, Irpex lacteus, Tricoderma viride sm-6 3균주(菌株)의 셀룰라아제 역가(力價)를 비교(比較)해 본 결과(結果) Tricoderma viride sm­6 의 역가(力價)가 가장 높았으며, 이들을 combination하였을 때에는 상조에 의한 역가상승(力價上昇)(Synergistic effect)은 보이지 않았다. T. viride sm-6의 배양학적(培養學的)인 면을 살펴본 결과(結果) 밀기울배지에 질소원으로서 proteose peptone, 유도제 (inducer)로서 Tween 80, cellulose를 첨가(添加)했을때 역가증가(力價增加) 현상(現象)이 나타났으며 이와 같은 배지에서 배양시(培養時) C.M. Cellulose와 Filter paper 분해 효소역가(酵素力價)는 120hr에 최고에 도달(到澾)했다. 기질(基質)에 효소(酵素)를 반응(反應)시켜 당화액(糖化液)을 생성(生成)하는데 있어서 전처리(前處理)를 한 기질(基質)은 대조주에 비해 약 40%의 환원당 증가(增加)를 보였고, 또한 기질입자(基質粒子)가 작을수록 환원당 증가현상(增加現象)을 보였으며 글루코스 등의 당(糖)은 반응액중(反應液中) 적은 농도(濃度)에서도 커다란 feed back inhibition현상을 나타냈다. 기질(基質)을 rehydralysis시에는 약 31%의 환원당 전환율(轉換率)을 보였다. 이때 당화액(糖化液)을 정량해 본 결과(結果) glucose : xylose의 양이 1.77:1로서 glucose의 양이 많았다. 여기에 단세포(單細胞) 단백질(蛋白質)을 생산(生産)할 목적(目的)으로 부식토, 퇴비, 수액, 토양등의 42점의 시료로부터 xylose 자화성 효모(酵母) 13균주(菌株)를 선별하였으며 그때의 우수균주(優秀菌株)로서 3개균주(個菌株)를 선발(選拔)하였다. 이들 분리주의 배양학적(培養學的) 특징(特徵)을 살펴 본 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 분리주중(分離株中) CHS-2, CHS-3, ST-40, CHS -12, CHS-13 균주(菌株)가 당화액(糖化液)을 잘 자화함을 알았다. 2. 분리균주중(分離菌株中) CHS-13 균주(菌株)의 생육도(生育度)가 가장 양호하였으며 초기 최적 pH는 4.4이었으며 최적온도(最適溫度)는 $30^{\circ}C$이었다. 3. CHS-3 균주(菌株)의 specific growth rate는 $0.23\;h^{-1}$, generation time 은 3.01h이었다. 4. CHS -13균주(菌株)의 기질소비율(基質消費率)은 81%이었다. 5. CHS-13 균주(菌株)의 형태학적(形態學的) 배양학적(培養學的) 특성(特性)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) Candida guilliermondii var. guilliermondii 로 동정(同定)되었다. 6. CHS-13 균주(菌株)를 당화액(糖化液)에 배양(培養)시켰을 때 Lowry-protein 함량은 $0.72\;mg/m{\ell}$ 이었으며 , yeast extract 첨가(添加)하여 배양시(培養時)는 yeast extract 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 단백질(蛋白質) 함량(含量)도 증가(增加)하였다. 7. CHS-13 균주(菌株)의 RNA 함량(含量)은 $4.92{\times}10^{-2 }\;mg/m{\ell}$이었으며 yeast extract 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 증가(增加)하다가 농도(濃度) 0.2%에서 최대함량(最大含量)을 나타내고 그후는 감소(減少)하였다.