Possibility of N-Nitrosamine Formation during Fermentation of Kimchi

김치 숙성중(熟成中) N-Nitrosamine의 생성요인(生成要因)에 관한 연구(硏究)

  • Kim, Soo-Hyun (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Jeju National University) ;
  • Lee, Eung-Ho (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, National Fisheries University of Pusan) ;
  • Kawabata, Toshiharu (Dept. of Biomedical Research on Foods, National Institute of Health) ;
  • Ishibashi, Tohru (Research Laboratory, Japan Medical Food Association) ;
  • Endo, Tsugao (Research Laboratory, Japan Medical Food Association) ;
  • Matsui, Masami (Tokyo Research and Appliation Laboratory, Shiimazu Corporation)
  • 김수현 (제주대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 이응호 (부산수산대학 식품공학과) ;
  • 하단준치 (일본국립예방위생연구소) ;
  • 석교형 ((재)일본의료식협회부속연구소) ;
  • 원등융화 ((재)일본의료식협회부속연구소) ;
  • 송거정이 ((주)도율제작소응용기술부동경연구소)
  • Published : 1984.09.30

Abstract

The possibility of formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines such as nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA), nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and nitrosopyrolidine (NPYR) during the fermentation of Kimchi was investigated. Three different types of Kimchi, formulated with chinese cabbage, red pepper powder and garlic, with or without one of both fermented shrimp and anchovy juice, were cured for 75 days at $5^{\circ}C$. The changes in contents of nitrates, nitrites, pH, ascorbic acid, secondary amines, trimethyl-aminoxide (TMAO), trimethylamine (TMA) and NDMA were analyzed periodically during the fermentation. TMAO, TMA. DMA, nitrate, nitrite and ascorbic acid were analyzed by colorimetric methods, and NDMA, NPYR and NDEA were determined by the method of GLC-TEA. Although the total secondary amines markedly increased, no significant changes in the levels of TMAO and TMA were observed during the fermentation Kimchi added with fermented shrimp or anchovy juice. The predominating component of secondary amines was confirmed to be dimethylamine by means of nitrosating technique coupled with gas chromatography. No appreciable increase in the level of nitrites was appeared although nitrate level in the Kimchi apparently decreased. Non detectable or trace level of nitrosamine formation was detected whereas the nitrates fairly decreased during the fermentation of Kimchi. This could be explained by the fact that the lack of nitrites was resulted in the system due to rapid consumption of nitrites formed from nitrates by the reactions with ascorbic acid and amino acids which have been known as inhibitors of nitrosation reaction.

김치 숙성중(熟成中)에 NDMA, NDEA 및 NPYR 등 N-nitrosamine의 생성여부(生成如否)를 밝히고자 그 생성요인물질(生成要因物質)인 질산염(窒酸鹽)과 아질산염(亞窒酸鹽) 및 amine류(類)의 변화를 실험고찰(實驗考察)하였다. 시료용(試料用) 김치는 배추, 고추가루, 마늘, 생강만을 넣어서 만든 대조시료(對照試料)와 여기에 멸치젓과 새우젓을 넣은 것 모두 3개군(個群)으로 만들고, $5^{\circ}C$에서 75일간 숙성(熟成)시키면서 15일 주기로 N-nitrosamine과 TMAO, TMA, DMA, 질산염(窒酸鹽), 아질산염(亞窒酸鹽) 및 ascorbic acid의 함량변화를 분석하였다. TMAO, TMA, DMA, 질산염(窒酸鹽), 아질산염(亞窒酸鹽) 및 ascorbic acid는 비색정량법(比色定量法)에 의하였고, NDMA, NDEA와 NPYR은 GLC-TEA에 의하여 정량(定量)하였다. 멸치젓과 새우젓을 첨가한 김치의 숙성중(熟成中)에 총(總) 2 급(級) amine은 현저하게 증가하였는데도 불구하고, 총(第) 3 급(級) amine인 TMAO와 TMA는 거의 변화가 없었다. 그리고 이때 총(第) 2 급(級) amine은 주로 DMA 였음을 흡광곡선(吸光曲線)과 GLC-FTD에 의하여 확인하였다. 한편, 김치 숙성중(熟成中)에 질산염(窒酸鹽)의 함량은 크게 감소하였음에도 불구하고 아질산염(亞窒酸鹽)은 증가하지 않았으며, N-nitrosamine의 생성량(生成量)은 검출한계(檢出限界)미만이든가 흔적정도의 양이었다. 멸치젓과 새우젓을 첨가한 김치 숙성중(熟成中)에 DMA는 상당히 많은량이 함유되어 있으나 NDMA가 생성(生成)되지 않은 것은 $NO_2^-$이 남아있지 않기 때문이라고 확신할 수 있었다. 그러나 김치 숙성중(熟成中)에 $NO_2^-$가 생성(生成)되지 않은 것은 아니고, $NO_3^-$에서 $NO_2^-$가 생성(生成)되는대로 ascorbic acid나 아미노산과 같은 nitrosamine 생성(生成) 저해제(沮害劑)들에 의해 소비되어 버리는 것이라고 볼 수 있었다.

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