Abstract
A study on the qualify changes of fish meat during drying and storage has been carried out with filefish meat. Filefish meat was dried in a forced air dryer at 40 and $55\%$ for 20 hours with an air velocity of 0.4 m/sec under different conditions of relative air humidities in the range of 10 to $50\%$. The dried fish meat was stored at $30^{\circ}C$ in chambers with constant relative humidities controlled by the use of conditioned air stream passing through the saturated salt solutions. The qualify of filefish meat was evaluated with the brown color densities developed by lipid oxidation and Maillard reaction. Changes of viable cell count during drying and storage were also discussed. The predominant reaction for the brown color developed during the study period was the lipid oxidation. The lipid oxidation rate during drying at constant temperature was appreciably affected by water activities at the drying surfaces of filefish meat during the falling drying rate period. The lipid oxidation rate was the slowest under the condition of the relative air humidity of around $30\%$. In samples stored at water activity of 0.33, the lipid oxidation rate was retarded remarkably in comparison with the samples with lower or higher water activities. The addition of $1\%$ table salt, $1.5\%$ D-sorbitol and $6\%$ sucrose slightly lowered the water activity with the slowest lipid oxidation rate. Such additives resulted the increase of the water soluble brown color densities, which seemed due to the increase of mobility of the water soluble substances by the result of the increase of equilibrium water content. Microflora of the samples immediately after drying consisted of ca. $30\%$ of coccus types, ca. $65\%$ of rod types and ca. $5\%$ of molds and yeasts. During the storage of the samples with a water activity of 0.76, the ratio of the coccus types to the total microflora was increased remarkably while that of the Gram negative non-spore rod types was decreased. The ratios of the Gram positive rod types, molds and yeasts during the storage were nearly constant.
말쥐치육을 시료로하여, 건조중과 건어육 저장중의 갈변과 미생물조성의 변화를 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. $40^{\circ}C,\;50^{\circ}C$에서의 강제송풍식건조중에는 지방산화가 Maillard반응보다 갈기색소물질의 형성에 다소 깊이 관여하였다. 건조중의 지방산화는 감속건조기에서의 말쥐치 건조표면의 수분활성에 영향을 받아서, 공기의 상대습도가 $30\%$일 때 지방산화가 가장 늦었고, 상대습도가 $20\%,\;10\%$로 낮아지거나 $40\%,\;50\%$로 높아질수록 지방산화가 촉진되었다. 건제품을 $30^{\circ}C$에 저장하였을 때에도 갈변색소물질의 형성에는 지방산화가 Maillard 반응보다 다소 깊이 관여하였다. 수분활성 $0.12{\sim}0.76$의 범위에서 지방산화가 가장 늦었던 것은 수분활성 0.33부근이었다. $6\%$의 sucrose, $1.5\%$의 D-sorbitol을 첨가하였던 건어육을 $30^{\circ}C$에 저장하였을때 지방산화가 가장 늦은 수분활성은 0.33보다 다소 낮아졌으며, 평형수분함량의 증가에 따른 이동성(mobility)의 증대로 인한듯한 수용성갈변색소물질의 증가를 초래하였다. 건조직후의 말쥐치육의 미생물조성은 구균 $30\%$, 간균 $65\%$, 곰팡이와 효모가 $5\%$정도였다. 저장중에는 전체 미생물중 구균이 차지하는 비율이 증가하였고, 비포자 Gram 음성간균은 감소하였으며, 비포자 Gram 장성균과 포자형성균 및 곰팡이, 효모가 차지하는 비율은 거의 일정하였다.