Effects of Some Chemials on Ethylene Evolution and Abscission of Fruits and Leaves in Oriental Pera

수종(數種)의 약제(藥劑)가 배나무의 낙과(落果) 및 에틸렌 발생(發生)에 미치는 영향(影響)

In order to examine the relationship of fruit abscission and ethylene evolution in 'Jojuro' and 'Imamuraaki' pear trees, the thinning chemicals, ${\beta}$-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), O, O-dimethyl-O-(3-methyl-4 nitrophenyl) posphorothioate (MEP), 1-naphthyl N-methyl carbamate (carbaryl), and 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (ethephon) were applied. Concurrently the effect of calcium acetate on the control of fruit abscission were examined when calcium acetate was added to ethephon and carbaryl. 1. All the applied chemicals (MEP, NAA, carbaryl and ethephon) was effective to abscise fruits in 'Jojuro', and MEP and carbaryl in 'Imamuraaki's. 2. The application of ethephon increased the ethylene evolution but other chemicals did not increase it. 3. There were no significant differences in total sugar contents of fruits by MEP, NAA, carbaryl and ethephon treatments. 4. When the calcium acetate was added to the ethephon and carbaryl, the thinning effects were offsetted. 5. The rate of defoliation due to ethephon treatment was controlled by addition of calcium acetate at 0.1~0.25 M. It was clarified that fruit abscission induced by thinning chemicals except ethephon was not directly related to ethylene production and that degree of fruit thinning can be regulated by addition of calcium acetate to thinning chemicals.

낙과(落果)를 유기할 수 있는 약제(藥劑)인 NAA, MEP제(劑), carbaryl 및 ethephon을 배 장십랑(長十郞)과 금촌추(今村秋)에 처리(處理)하여 낙과(落果)와 ethylene과의 관련성을 조사(調査)하는 한편 낙과량(落果量)을 조절하기 위한 방법으로 calcium acetate를 가용(加用)한 ethephon과 carbaryl를 처리(處理)하였을 때의 낙과(落果)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하기 위(爲)하여 본(本) 실험(實驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. 1. 장십랑(長十郞)의 경우는 MEP제(劑), NAA, carbaryl, ethephon 모두 적과효과(摘果效果)가 있었으나 금촌추(今村秋)의 경우는 MEP와 carbaryl만 적과효과(摘果效果)가 인정(認定)되었다. 2. ethylene 발생량(發生量)은 ethephon 처리구(處理區)만이 촉진(促進)되었고 MEP제(劑), NAA, carbaryl는 영향(影響)을 미치지 않았다. 3. 과실내(果實內)의 당함량(糖含量)에는 MEP제(劑), NAA, carbaryl, ethephon 모두 영향(影響)을 미치지 않았다. 4. calcium acetate를 가용(加用)하므로서 ethephon이나 carbaryl에 의(依)한 적과효과(摘果效果)가 소실(消失)되었다. 5. ethephon에 가용(加用)한 calcium acetate의 농도(濃度)에 따라 낙엽율(落葉率)을 조절(調節)할 수 있었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 보아 공시(供試)한 약제(藥劑)들이 낙과(落果)를 일으키는 것은 ethephon을 제외하고는 ethylene이 직접적(直接的)인 낙과원인(落果原因)이 아니라는 것을 알 수 있었고, 한편 calcium acetate를 적량가용(適量加用)하므로서 적과정도(摘果程度)의 조절(調節)이 가능(可能)하다는 것이 밝혀졌다.