수도재배기간중(水稻栽培期間中)의 저온(低溫) 및 이앙기(移秧期) 한발출현유형(旱魃出現類型)과 분포(分布)

The Occurrence and Distribution of Adverse Climatic Conditions Focussed on Low Temperature and Drought during Rice Transplanting Period

우리나라 수도작기간중(水稻作期間中)의 재해기상(災害氣象) 위험도(危險度)를 파악(把握)하기 위하여 냉해(冷害)와 한발(旱魃)과 출현빈해(出現頻害)와 역별분포등(域別分布等)에 대한 조사(調査)를 실시한 결과(結果) 다음과 같았다. 1. 1970년(年) 이후(以後) 한발(旱魃)과 저온출현(低溫出現)이 많아졌으며 침수해(浸水害)의 발생은 감소(減少)하였다. 2. 저온유형(低溫類型)의 출현빈도(出現頻度)는 전기저온형(前期低溫型)과 장기저온형(長期低溫型)이 많았으며 지역별(地域別)로는 수원(水原) > 대구(大邱) > 광주(光州)의 순(順)이었다. 3. 수도이앙기(水稻移秧期) (4~6월(月)) 강수량(降水量)의 년도별(年度別) 변화 주기(週期)는 약(約) 15년(年)으로 나타나며 최근년(最近年)은 소강우(少降雨) 주기(週期)에 해당하는 경향(傾向)이었다. 4. 이앙기(移秧期) 한발빈도(旱魃頻度)는 대구(大邱), 포항지역(浦項地域)에서 가장 많았고, '82년도(年度) 강수량(降水量)과 저수율(貯水率)을 기준(基準)한 한발극심(旱魃極甚) 지역(地域)은 영남내륙(嶺南內陸) 및 서남해안지대(西南海岸地帶)이었다.

The occurrence and regional distribution of low temperature and drought during rice cropping period in Korea were studied to characterize the climatic impacts. The long term changes in rice yield, air temperature and precipitation were analyzed, and regional distributions were characterized. The significant climatic impacts on rice yield were heavy rain or flood, drought and low temperature. Since 1910, the occurrence of drought was 29 times, that of flood was 24 times and that of low temperature was 9 times; however, the drought and flood damages were decreased due to expansion of irrigation system since 1970 but low temperature damage was remarkedly increased. The long term changes in air temperature since 1908 in Suweon showed that the 5-year moving average from July to August decreased while that from May to June increased. The occurrence probability of the long term and early term low temperature types were the greatest in Korea and were in order of Suweon, Daegu and Kwangiu. The long term changes in 10-year moving average precipitation from April to June showed a 15 year cycle and recent years were in low precipitation period. The drought frequencies were the highest in Daegu and Pohang area. According to the precipitation from April to June and resevtoir storage at late June, the severest dry area were the Youngnam inland and the southwest coastal area.