새조개, Fulvia mutica (Reeve)의 생식세포형성과정 및 생식주기

Gametogenesis and Reproductive Cycle of the Cockle, Fulvia mutica (Reeve)

자웅동체형 이매패인 새조개, Fulvia mutica,의 자원관리 및 양식을 위한 기초생물학적 연구로서, 1980년 10월부터 1981년 9월까지 월별로 채집한 여수근해산 재료를 대상으로 생식세포형성과정 및 생식월파를 조직학적 방법에 의해 제사하였다. 생식소는 복잡한 관상구조를 가진 않은 난소소낭과 정소소낭들이 서로 혼재된 자웅동체형을 나타내고 있다. 발달초기의 생식소에서 성장중인 생식세포와 함께 호산성 과립세포와 불분화간충조직들이 풍부하게 나타나고 있으며, 생식소 성숙함에 따라 점차 소실되어 간다. 완숙난의 크기는 $56\sim67{\mu}m$으로 젤라틴장의 피막에 둘러싸여 있고, 변태를 마친 완숙정자는 청소소의 내경신앙에 파상의 정자수을 형성한다. 새조채의 생식주기는 분열증식기, 성장기, 성숙기, 방출기, 퇴화기 및 회복기의 연연시인 6단계로 나눌 수 있었으며, 산난기는 수온 $20^{\circ}C$내외의 $5\sim10$월로써, 그 성기는 $6\sim7$과 9월인 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 5월의 조기산난개체들은 생식소를 곧 회복발달시켜 9, 10월 방난군에 다시 참여하는 것으로 추정되었다.

The structure of gonads, gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of the cockle, Fulvia mutice, were studied mainly by histological observation. The materials were monthly sampled in the southern area of Yeosu from October 1980 to September 1981. F. mutica was monoecious. The gonads were situated between the liver tissues and the outer fibronuscular layers compacted by the connective tissue fibers and muscle fibers beneath the outermost layer of simple cuboidal epithelium. The gonad was composed of a number of the ovarian sacs and the testicular tubules which form the tubular structure. Testicular tubules in the mature stage sometimes contained 'testis-ova' The undifferentiated mesenchymal tissues and the eosinophilic cells were abundantly distributed on the germinal epithelium in the early development stage. With the further development of the ovary and testis, these tissues and cells gradually disapprared. The undifferentiated mesenchymal tissues and the eosinophilic cells are related to the growing of the oocytes and spermatocytes . Early multiplicating oogonium was about $10{\mu}m$ in diameter. As the oocytes grow to $27-34\times50-58{\mu}m$ by increasing cytoplasm, the oocytes connected to the basement membrane by their egg-stalks. The ripe eggs were about $60{\mu}m$ in diameter and they were surrounded by gelatinous membrane. Most male germ cells in mature stage were transformed into the spermatozoa and they formed the sperm bundles. After spawning, undischarged ripe eggs and spermatozoa remained in the ovarian sac and the testicular tubule respectively for some time, then they finally degenerated. Especially the early spent ovarian sacs in May did not contract significantly and then they took part in the secondary maturation within two or three months during the summer season. The monthly changes of the fatness well agreed with the reproductive cycle. The reproductive cycle of F. mutica could be classified into six successive stages : multiplicative, growing, mature, spent, degenerative and recovery stage. It seems that the spawning season is closely rotated to the water temperature, and the spawning occurs from May to October at about $20^{\circ}C$ in water temperature. The peak spawning seasons appeared twice a year between June and July and in September. Acknowledgement The authors wish to express their gratitude to Dr. Kim, In Bae, Dr. Chun, Seh Kyu and Dr. Yoo, Sung Kyoo of National Fisheries University of Busan and Mr. Min, Byoung Seo of National fisheries Research and Development Agency for their critical reading of the manu script.