Numerical Simulation of Water Uptake of Soybean Field

대두포장(大豆圃場)에서 수분흡수(水分吸收)에 관(關)한 수치해석학적(數値解析學的) 모형(模型)

A mathematical model based on the water flow equation was developed with the Ohm's analogy and the partial differential equations. Simulation of water uptake was performed by numerically solving the equations with the aid of a differential equation solver, DGEAR in IMSL package, in FORTRAN version. The input data necessary were climatological parameters (temperature, solar radiation, humidity and wind speed). plant parametors (leaf water potential, leaf area, root conductivity and root length density) and soil parameters (hydraulic conductivity and The graphical comparison of the simulated and measured water contents as the functions of time showed good agreement, but there still was some disparity due to possible inacouracy of the field measured parameters. The simulated soil evaporation showed about 2 mm/day early in the growing period and dropped to about 0.4 mm/day as the full canopy developed and the soil water depleted. During the dry period, soil evaporation was as low as 0.1 mm/day. The transpiration was as high as 5mm/day. Deep percolation calculated from the flux between the 180-cm layer was about 0.2mm/day and became smaller with time. After the soil water of upper layers depleted, the flux reversed showing capillary rise. The rate of the capillary rise reached about 0.07mm/day, which was too low to satisfy water uptake of the root system. Therefore, to increase use of water in deep soil, expansion of the root system is necessary.

Ohm의 법측(法測)을 이용(利用)한 물 이동(移動) 방정식(方程式)의 해(解)를 수치해석법(數値解析法)으로 구(求)하여 대두(大豆)의 물 소모양상(消耗樣相)을 추정(推定)하여 실측자료(實測資料)와 비교(比較)하였다. 본(本) 모형(模型)은 고속전산기(高速電算器)를 사용(使用)하기 위(爲)하여 FOPTRAN으로 쓰여졌으며 모형(模型)의 검정(檢定)은 미(美) Iowa 주서부농업시험장(洲西部農業試驗場)에서 얻어진 자료(資料)를 사용(使用)하여 시도(試圖)되었다. 모형검정치(模型檢定値)와 실측치간(實測値間)에 잘 맞는 경향(傾向)이었으나 다소(多少)의 오차(誤差)가 시기적(時期的)으로 인정(認定)되었다. 계산(計算)된 토양증발량(土壤蒸發量)은 작물생육초기(作物生育初期)에는 약(約) 2mm/day이었으나 후기(後期)에는 0.4mm/day로 감소(減少)하였으며, 한발기(旱魃期)에 0.1mm/day까지 감소(減少)되었다. 증발량(蒸發量)은 최대(最大) 5mm/day이었다. 토심(土深) 180cm와 210cm 층위(層位)에서 이루어지는 지하배수량(地下排水量)은 약(約) 0.2mm/day이었고, 후기(後期)에는 역전되어 모관상승(毛管上昇)을 보였으며 이 양(量)은 약 0.07mm/day로 근계(根系)의 물 소모량(消耗量)을 충족(充足)시키지는 못하였다. 따라서 심토(深土)의 물 이용(利用)을 위(爲)해서는 근계(根系)의 확장(擴張)이 더 중요(重要)하다.