초록
경사지(傾斜地)에서 얌(yam)증산(增産)을 위한 농업기술(農業技術) 체계(體系)를 확립(確立)하고 보다 효과적(效果的)인 토양보전(土壤保全) 공법(工法)을 개발(開發)하기 위한 시험연구(試驗硏究)가 자메이카국(國)의 트리로운리에 위치한 토양보전(土壤保全)센터에서 수행되고 있다. 이 시험장(試驗場)은 표고(標高) 약 820 m의 $20^{\circ}$ 경사지(傾斜地)에서 8개의 유수유토(流水流土) 시험구(試驗區)(4처리(處理) 2반복(反覆))와 기타의 시험시설(試驗施設)로서 구성되었다. 각(各) 시험구(試驗區)의 크기는 $40m^2$($2.7m{\times}15.8m$ 사면장(斜面長))이며 서북향(西北向)으로 향(向)한 경사지(傾斜地)였다. 시험(試驗) 제(第) 1차년도(次年度)(1980년(年) 4월(月)~1981년(年) 3월(月))중에 일강우량(日降雨量)과 유수유토량(流水流土量)(11회(回))을 측정분석(測定分析)하였다. 총(總) 강우량(降雨量)은 1,295mm이었으며 최대일(最大日) 강우량(降雨量)은 116.2mm이었다. 4처리중(處理中)에서 토양유실량(土壤流失量)은 제(第) 1처리구(處理區)에서 182 tons/ha, 제(第) 2처리구(處理區)에서 105 tons/ha, 제(第) 3처리구(處理區)에서 50 tons/ha, 그리고 제(第) 4처리구(處理區)에서 43 tons/ha으로 각각 조사(調査)되었다. 이 시험결과(試驗結果)에 의한 효과적(效果的)인 경사지(傾斜地) 얌(재배(栽培)) 방법(方法)은 Hillside ditch 또는 Grass buffer strip 처리(處理)에 Contour mounds farming 이라고 분석(分析)된다.
The run-off experiment plots had been established for eight sets of plot comprising four treatments with two replications on $20^{\circ}$ slope land having the Wait-A-Bit Clay soil(locally known), at the Olive River Soil Conservation Centre, Trelawny in Jamaica. The location of plots was about 820 metres m.s.l. and sloped north-west. Each plot size was determined as $40m^2$ having 2.7 m wide and 15.8 m long along slope. All of the run-off soil and water were collected by using the receiving tanks through the collection troughs and conveyance pipes. These run-off materials were measured and sampled, dried and computed for determination of the soil loss from each treatment of plots. During the first period of experiment for about 10 month which was one crop-year cycle of yam crop, total amount of 1,295 mm rainfall received. The heaviest daily rainfall was recorded as 116.2 mm on August 5 followed by 100.4 mm on August 6, 1980. The soil sediment had been collected and analysed for eleven times during this experiment. Total amounts of soil sediment as over-dried weight by the treatment plot were estimated as 182 ton/ha from treatment I, 105 tons/ha from treatment II, 50 tons/ha from treatment III, 43 tons/ha from treatment IV respectively. It is recommendable at present that the treatment III and IV measure which treated with contour mounds with the hillside ditch and grass buffer strip should be adopt4ed for hillside farming particularly with yam cultivation in Jamaica.