기계발골가금육의 특성 및 이용에 관한 연구

Chemical and Functional Characteristics of Mechanically Deboned Chicken meat and its Utilization in Processed Meat

국내의 산란노계의 브로일러로부터 생산된 수동 및 기계발골육의 수율, 화학적 조성, 기능적특성, 저장성, 미생물 등을 조사하고 이들 발골육을 여러 가지 비율로 배합하여 제조한 치큰패티와 프랭크의 특성성, 보존성, 기호성을 평가하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) HDCM 수율은 도체 중의 35%, MDCM은 45%로서 총 산육량은 도체중의 80%에 이르렀다. 2) MDCM은 수분 65%, 단백질 12%, 지방 20%회분 1.7%, Ca 0.2-0.4%로서 HDCM에 비해 수분과 단백질은 낮고 지방, 회분, Ca은 현저히 높았다. 또한 MDCM의 총 색소함량은 HDCM의 2.5배로서 이는 주로 Hemoglobin의 증가에 기인하였다. 3) MDCM의 고기 g당 유화능은 HDCM의 70%에 불과하나 단백질 g당 유화능은 오히려 더 높았는데 이는 MDCM의 염용성 단백질 구성비가 HDCM보다 높았기 때문이었다. 4) -2$0^{\circ}C$에서의 냉동저장 중 MDCM의 TBA value는 4주 이후부터 급격히 증가하였으므로 MDCM의 최적 저장기간은 4주 이내로 추정되었다. 5) MDCM의 미생물수는 약 1.8$\times$$10^{6}$g/ 으로서 HDCM이나 적육의 미생물수와 큰 차이가 없었다. 6) MDCM을 사용한 chicken patty의 TBA value는 냉동저장중 계속 증가하였으나 8주까지는 보존성이 양호하였다. 7) chicken patty의 색과 기호성에 있어 MDCM을 30% 첨가한 것이 가장 우수하였고 50%까지도 양호하였으나 70%이상 첨가는 권장할 수 없었다. 8) Frankfurter의 제조에 있어 MDCM을 50%까지 첨가한 것의 기호성이나 조직적 특성은 HDCM으로만 만들 제품과 비등하게 양호하였으나 70%이상 첨가는 불량하였다. 9) MDCM을 함유한 frankfurter의 보존성은 4$^{\circ}C$에서 4주까지 무난하였으며 저장 기간에 따른 TBA가의 변화는 거의 없었다. 10) 결론적으로 patty나 frank등의 육제품 제조에 있어 MDCM을 총 원료육의 30-50%까지 첨가하여도 조직이나 기호성이 우수한 제품을 생산할 수 있었다.

Hand deboned and mechanically deboned chicken meat were produced from domestic broilers and spent layers. Meat yield, chemical composition, functional characteristics, stability during storage, and microbiological properties were investigated Chicken patties and frankfurters were also manufactured by varying the relative proportion of MDCM to HDCM as raw materials, ana their palatability, shelf-life and textural properties were evaluated. The obtained results were as follows: 1) 35% of carcass wt was recovered as HDCM and 45% as MDCM, total meat yield reaching 80% of carcass wt. 2) Moisture, protein, fat, ash and Ca content of MDCM were 65, 12, 20, 1.7 and 0.2-0.4%,respectively. MDCM was higher in fat, ash and Ca, but significantly lower in moisture and protein. Total pigment content of MDCM was 2.5 times higher than that of HDCD such high content being attributed to the increased inclusion of hemoglobin. 3) The emulsifying capacity (ES) of MOCM per g meat was only 70% that of HDCM. but when ES was expressed on unit g of protein basis MDCM showed even higher ES than HDCM primarily due to tile higher proportion of salt soluble protein fraction. 4) Since the TBA values of MDCM increased rapidly after 4 weeks of frozen storage at -20$^{\circ}C$, the maximum possible storage period of MDCM is estimated to be about 4 weeks. 5) Total microbial counts of MDCM was approximately 1.8${\times}$10$\^$6/g/, showing no great difference from HDCM or red meat. 6) Chicken patty containing MDCM showed gradual increase in TBA value during frozen storage, but its storage up to 8 weeks presented no problems in flavor stability. 7) Color score an4 total palatability of chicken Patty were best for the product containing 30% MDCM. It was also concluded that MDCM can be included in the patties up to 50% of total meat with good results, but more than 70% was not recommended 8) The formulation of MDCM up to 50% in frankfurter gave quite satisfactory acceptability and textural properties comparable to frankfurter made of 100% MDCM, but the inclusion of more than 70% MDCM was not recommended 9) The TBA value of frankfurter containing MDCM did not increase to any great extent until 4 weeks of storage at 4$^{\circ}C$, indicating no unique problems in flavor instability compared to regular frankfurter. 10) It was concluded that processed meat products such as patties and frankfurters containing MDCM up to 30-50% of total meat ingredients gave satisfactory results in color, texture and palatability, comparable to regular products.