Almond의 종간접목(種間接木)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

Studies on the Interspecific Grafting of Almond

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 유지자원(油脂資源)과 고급식물성(高級植物性) 및 단백질식품자원(蛋白質食品資源)으로서 중요시(重要視)되고 있고 특히 ice cream, candy roast, chocolate, 제과(製菓)및 화장품안료(花粧品顔料), 조미료등(調味料等)에 널리 쓰이고 있는 Almond의 산지개발(山地開發)로 식품자원(食品資源)을 충족(充足)하고자 우선 이들 clone 육성(育成)을 위(爲)한 접목친화력(接木親和力)이 강한 태목(台木)과 실용적(實用的)인 접목기술(接木技術)을 개발보급(開發普及)하고자 온실내(溫室內)에 온도(溫度)와 습도(濕度)를 완전자동조절(完全自動調節)할 수 있는 온실(溫室)을 만들어서 절접방법(切接方法)을 택(擇)한다음 태목용수종(台木用樹種)은 Prunus persica와 Prunus mandshurica를 사용(使用)하고 접수(接穗)는 Hall's hardy Almond, Nonpareil, Kapareil 및 Thompson을 사용(使用)하여 종간접목(種間接木)을 실시(實施)해서 태목별(台木別) 및 품종별(品種別)로 접목활착율(接木活着率)을 비교분석(比較分析)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. Almond는 Prunus persica가 Prunus mandshurica에 비(比)하여 보다 접목친화력(接木親和力)이 강했다. 2. Hall's hardy Almond를 P. persica와 P. mandshurica태목(台木)에 종간접목(種間接木)을 실시(實施)한바 P. persica는 95.33%, P. mandshurica는 92.66%의 접목활착율(接木活着率)을 얻었고 이들 태목간(台木間)에는 유의성(有意性)이 없었다. 3. Sweet Almond 품종(品種)들은 Prunus persica 태목(台木)이 Prunus persica 태목(台木)에 접목(接木)하는 것보다 접목친화력(接木親和力)이 강하고 이들 2개수종(個樹種)을 접목(接木)할 경우 태목간(台木間)에는 유의성(有意性)이 없었다. 4. Prunus persica 태목(台木)에 접목(接木)된 종간접목묘(種間接木苗)는 Thompson 92.66%, Nonpareil 90.66%, Kapareil 89.33% 순위(順位)의 접목활착율(接木活着率)을 보였다. 5. Prunus mandshurica 태목(台木)에 접목(接木)한 것은 Thompson, 87.66%, Nonpareil 87.00% 그리고 Kapareil 85% 순위(順位)의 접목활착율(接木活着率)을 보였다. 6. 이들 2개수종(個樹種)의 태목(台木)과 3개품종(個品種)의 접수(接穗)와의 상호작용(相互作用)을 분산분석(分散分析)한 결과(結果)는 유의성(有意性)이 없었다. 7. Hall's hardy Almond를 접수(接穗)로하여 Prunus persica를 태목(台木)으로 한 종간접목묘(種間接木苗)의 생장량(生長量)은 평균묘고(平均苗高) 161cm, 근원경(根元莖) 12.3mm 그리고 근장(根長) 21.5cm의 우량묘(優良苗)를 얻을수 있었다. 8. Prunus mandshurica를 태목(台木)으로 한 종간접목묘(種間接木苗)는 Prunus persica보다 6~8일(日) 빨리 접수(接穗)의 동아(冬芽)로부터 개엽(開葉)이 빨르고 또한 본엽(本葉)의 색(色)이 보다 농녹색(濃綠色)을 띠었다. 9. 온수(溫水)보일러와 미스트스프레이에 의한 자동조절장치(自動調節裝置)는 매우 편리하고 접목활착(接木活着)에 미치는 환경요인조정(環境要因調整)에 큰 효과(効果)가 있었다. 10. Almond는 온실내(溫室內)에서 일년생태목(一年生台木)에 절접법(切接法)을 활용(活用)하면 매우 손쉽게 다량(多量)의 우수한 접목묘(接木苗)를 생산(生産)하는데 효과적(効果的)이었다.

Almonds are one of the oldest sources of food and oil for man as used the ice cream, candy, roast, salting, chocolate, breads, backed, cookies, and flavoring ect. So, we wish to plant Almond in our country at the most parts of mountains. In this purpose we must be find out of both root stock of more compatibility and new techniques of grafting was rather simples as compared with the many steps of machinary involved today. This investigation has been carried out to reveral compatibility and practical controls of environment effectives involved in the occurence of each difference combination results in interspecific grafting of Almonds on the root stock of Prunus mandshurica and Prunus persica as materials during the 9 months period from March to November in 1978. With these selected scions were 4 varieties of Almond employing as the Hal1's hardy, Nonpareil, and Thompson grafted in the polyethylene green house with almost identical provision made for effective controls of automatical supplying to heating and mistsprayers as the $22{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ of temperature and 70~90% humidity. Following results have been obtained. Those environmental controls were more effective and practical to grafting unions and success by means veneer-grafting at the green house. 1. Hall's hardy Almond grafted on the root stock of Prunus persica was more compatibility than Prunus mandshurica. 2. The survival percentages as follows of the 95.33% of Hall's hardy/Prunus persica and 92.66% of Hall's hardy/Prunus mandshurica. And those were no significant between root stock of both species. 3. The 3 varieties of sweet Almond grafted on the root stock of P. mandshurica. And those were no significant between root stock of both species. 4. And the survival percentages as fellows. Thompson 92.66%, Nonpareil 90.66% and Kapareil 89.33% those grafted on the root stock of Prunus persica. 5. And then the survival percentage of interspecific grafts on the root Prunus mandshurica as follows of the materials of Thompson 89.66%, Nonpareil 87%, Kapareil 85%. 6. The analysis of variance were no significant among the interactions between 3 varieties Almond and 2 species of root stock plants. 7. And the growth of interspecific grafts of the high 161cm, diameter 12.3mm and length of roots 21.5cm growth as the Hall's hardy Almond grafted on the root stock of Prunus persica. 8. The root stock plants of Prunus mandshurica more effected to 6~8 days early developed leafing of scions and dark green colour than the Prunus persica. 9. The identical provision of automatic systems was more effective to graft unions and grafting process. 10. The veneer-grafting method at the green house was more effective and practical method for the mass production of Almond grafts.