Flow Properties of Granular Sands through a Circular Orifice

The flow rate of various sand through circular orifice can be measured from a knowledge of a few easily measurable properties of the system. These are the orifice column and particle diameters, the angle of inclination of the orifice with the horizontal and an angle of repose of the granular sand material. Straight lines were obtained when the logarithm of the flow rate was plotted versus the logarithm of orfice diameter. No influence of excessive compaction and bed height was observed and the flow rate increased with decrease of particle diameter. The profile of flow developed the edge of the aperture in a way independent of its size. Linear relationship was observed between the angle of inclination of the orifice and the flow rate.