들깨의 일장 및 온도에 대한 감응성과 그의 수량에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Studies on the Response to Day-length and Temperature and their Effects on the Yield of Perilla (Perilla ocimoides L.)

들깨 재배시기 이동에 따른 실용형질의 생태변이를 추구하고 이를 일장 및 온도처리의 결과로 실증하고자 작물시험장에서 포장실험은 1972년 36개 품종월 4월5일부터 6월20일까지 15일간격으로 6회파종하고 폿트 실험은 1972년부터 1973년 까지 2개년에 걸쳐 양년 모두 5월25일에 파종하고 일장처리는 6개 품종을 공시하여 단일구는 자연일장을 이용하고 장일구는 100￦의 자연전등으로 조명하였으며 온도처리는 3개 품종을 공시하여 작물시험장 인공기상실에서 각각 수행하여 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 개화기는 파종기의 조만에 관계없이 9월6일경이었으며 개화일수는 파종기가 지연됨에 따라 일정하게 단축되었다. 2. 성숙기는 10월6일경이나 파종기가 빠른 것이 성숙도 빨랐으며 결실일수는 26∼30일이었다. 3. 생육일수는 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 개화일수와 같이 일정하게 단축되었다. 4. 초장은 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 일정하게 짧아졌다. 5. 분지수는 제 I, II 및 III 파종기의 조기파종에서는 거의 비슷하고 그 이후의 만기파종에서는 거의 비슷하고 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 줄어들었다. 6. 건물중은 제I 파종기에서 제III 파종기까지 파종기가 지연됨에 따라 완만하게 증가하나 제IV 파종기 이후부터 급격하게 감소하였다. 7. 일장 및 온도처리에 따른 개화반응을 보면 온도의 영향은 극히 미미하고 일장의 영향은 예민하였다. 8. 일장 및 온도처리에 따른 초장 분지수 및 건물중의 변이는 처리시기 및 일수에 따라 일정한 경향이 없었다. 9. 수량은 제III 파종기(5월 5일)에서 가장 많았으며 이보다 조만파 할수록 감소되었다. 10. 1,000립중은 파종기가 늦을수록 다소 무거운 경향이었다. 11. 화방수는 제III파종기(5월5일)에서 많았고 이보다 조만파 할수록 적었다. 12. 유분함량도 제III 파종기(5월5일)에서 가장 높았다. 13. 개화일수, 결실일수, 생육일수 및 개화기간등은 수량에 별로 영향하지 않았다. 14. 분지수, 화방수, 1,000립중 및 건물중 등은 수량과 정의 상관관계를 보였으나 이들 형질이 수량에 관여하는 정도는 파종기에 따라 달랐다.

Experiments were conducted to clarify the variations of the ecological characteristics under different day-length and temperature conditions inperilla varieties from 1972 to 1973 in the experimental fields of Crop Experiment Station, O.R.D, Suwon. Thirty-six varieties were tested in the field in 1972 under 6 growing seasons differing seeding dates. from April 5th to June 20th with 15-day interval between each seeding. Pot-experiment also were conducted in 1972 and 1973. The seeds of the 6 varieties tested were sown on May 25th. In this pot-experiment natural condition was regarded as a short-day treatment and 100-W incandescent lamps were used for long-day treatment. Three selected varieties were grown under different. temperature treatments in phytotron in Crop Experiment Station. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Most varieties tested flowered around September 6. The days required to flower were shortened gradually as the planting time was delayed. 2. The varieties used were matured around October 6, but the maturity was shortened when planted early. The days required for maturity after flowering was 26 to 30. 3. The growing period was also shortened gradually when planting time was delayed. 4. Plant height was reduced when planting time was delayed. 5. There were little differences in number of valid branches among planting time I, II and III, while the branch number was reduced as the planting time was delayed. 6. The dry matter weight was gradually increased from planting time I to III, while it was rapidly decreased after planting time IV. 7. It was found that the flowering of perilla was little affected by temperature. The varieties, however, were more sensitive to day-length. 8. No clear tendency was found in the plant height, number of valid branches and dry matter weight by the time and period of day-length and temperature treatments. 9. The highest yield was obtained at planting time III(May 5th) and the yield was decreased at either earlier or later planting. 10. 1, 000 grain weight appeared to be heavier as the planting time was delayed. 11. The number of flower cluster was largest at planting time III (May 5th) and it was decreased as planting time was earlier or later than III. 12. The oil content was also highest at planting time III (May 5th). 13. Days to flowering, days to maturity and total growing period and flowering period did not affect the yield much. 14. The number of valid branches, flower clusters, 1, 000-grain weight and dry matter weight were positively correlated with yield. The relationship between these characters and yield were variable depending upon the planting time.