벼의 생산력 분석(分析) -IV. 수기(受器)의 충전속도(充塡速度)와 수기(受器)-급기(給器) 관계(關係)

Analysis of Productivity in Rice Plant -IV. Sink-filling rate and sink-source relation

IR667 계통(系統)(Suwon 213 및 214)과 장려품종(진흥(振興) 및 팔달(八達))의 수용기(受用器)(Sink) 및 급여기(給與器)(Source)의 크기와 그들간(間) 거리(距離), 동화산물의 형태(形態), 기상인자(氣象因子)와 관련(關聯) 수기(受器)(곡실(穀實))충전(充塡) 속도(速度)를 검토(檢討)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. IR667 계통(系統)은 장려 품종보다 최고수기충전속도(最高受器充塡速度)가 크고 빨리온다. 충전속도곡선(充塡速度曲線)의 양상(樣相)은 IR667 계(系)는 준봉형(峻峰型)을 장려품종은 구릉형(丘陵型)을 보인다. 2. 기상인자(氣象因子)는 충전곡선(充塡曲線)의 양상(樣相)에 큰 변화(變化)를 주지 못하는 것 같다. 3. 수기일급기간(受器一給器間) 기능거리(機能距離)(실거리(實距離)${\times}$각엽(各葉)의 생산기여율는 상위엽의존형(上位葉依存型)인 IR667 계(系)에서는 상위엽(上位葉)이 짧고 하위엽의존형(下位葉依存型)인 장려품중에서는 하위엽(下位葉)이 짧다. IR667의 상위엽의존성(上位葉依存性)이 유난히 짧은 제(第)1간장(稈長)(상부(上部)로부터)에 기인(基因)하는것 같다. 4. 간(稈)과 엽초의 유리당(遊離糖)/전분비(澱粉比)에 따라 IR667계(系)는 고당형(高糖型)으로 장려품종은 고전분형(高澱粉型)으로 분류(分類)되었으며 전이성(轉移性)(당(糖))과 비전이성(非轉移性) 동화산물(전분(澱粉))의 비(比)가 수기충전속도(受器充塡速度)와 관련되고 고당형(高糖型)이 생산효율이 높을 것으로 예상된다. 5. 군락구조(群落構造)의 각생산계층내의 균등도(均等度)가 클수록 곡실생산의 효율성이 높다는 가설(假說)을 제시(提示)하고 다수성(多收性) 및 안전성(安全性)과 관련(關聯)하여 검토(檢討)하였다. 6. 엽위별(葉位別) 엽신(葉身)의 N.P.K. 잔존률양상(殘存率樣相)이 진흥(振興)에서는 상부잔존형(上部殘存型)으로, IR667은 중앙부(中央部) 잔존형(殘存型)으로 구분(區分)되어 생산구조 보전형식(保存型式)의 원인(原因)으로 해석되었다. 7. 기관별(器管別) N.P.K 농도(濃度)와 함량분포비율(含量分布比率)에 의(依)하여 IR667은 엽초중심형으로 진흥(振興)은 엽신중심형(葉身中心型)으로 분류(分類)되었다. 8. 동일품종내(同一品種丙)에서 N.P간(間) N.P.K 각양분내(各養分內)에서 품종간(品種間) 수(穗)로의 전이율(轉移率)이 큰 경우 엽신잔존율(葉身殘存率)도 크다.

Sink (grain)-filling rates of IR667 line (Suwon 213 and 214) and local leading varieties (Jinheung and Paldal) were investigated in relation to sink-source ratio, sink-source distance, forms of photosynthates, and weather factors. The results are as follows. 1. IR667 line have higher maximum filling rate (g. grain/day. ear) and shorter duration to reach maximum filling rate than local varieties. The curve pattern of sink-filling rate was high and steep type in IR667 line and low and broad type in local varieties. 2. Weather factors seem to give little effect on the curve pattern of sink-filling rate. 3. The functional sink-source distance (actual sink-source distance multiplied by the contribution rate of leaf for grain production) was shorter in upper leaves (flag and 2nd leaf) for IR667 line, the upper leaf-dependent type in grain production, and was longer in lower leaves (3rd and 4th) for local varieties, the lower leaf-dependent type. Specially short first internode from top may contribute to the upper leaf depencency of IR667 line. 4. According to free sugar-starch ratio (sugar/starch) in the culm and leaf sheath IR667 line could be classified as the high sugar type and the local varieties as the high starch type. The ratio of transportable form (sugar) to non transportable photosynthate (starch) seems to relate with sink-filling rate. And high sugar type is expected to have higher efficiency for grain production in view of energy balance. 5. A hypothesis that the higher in the uniformity within the series of productive structure the more efficient in grain production is proposed and discussed in relation to productivity. 6. According to the pattern of percent nutrient retention of each leaf blade IR667 showed the central retention type and Jinheung showed the apical retention type and each retention type appears to be a cause of each canopy conservation pattern. 7. From the content and percent distribution of nutrient in various organ IR667 could be classified as the leaf sheath dominant type and Jinheung as the leaf blade dominant type. 8. The fact that the greater the percent translocation of nutrient into grain the greater the percent nutrient retention in leaf blade was held between nitrogen and phosphorus within a variety and between varieties within a nutrient (N, P or K).