석유(탄화수소) 이용미생물에 관한 연구(제 1보) -효모세포에 의한 석유로부터 단백질 생성에 관하여-

Studies on the Petroleum hydrocarbon-utilizing Microorganisms(Part 1) -On the Production of Protein from the Yeast-cell-

석유탄화수소 이용미생물연구의 일환으로서 미생물에 의한 세포단백질생산의 목적으로 전국각지 135 개지역에서 주유소 세차장의 유침(油浸)토양을 비롯 석탄, 논밭, 하천토양등 242종을 수집하고 이시료로부터 석유탄화수소를 유일한 유기탄소원으로 이용하는 효모 468균주를 분리하였고 분리된 효모균주의 증식율(增殖率)을 screening 하여 우수균주를 선정하였다. 선정된 효모에 대하여 동정(同定) 및 배양 최적 조건의 검토 그리고 효모균체의 성분분석을 한 결과 다음과 같다. 1) 석유탄화수소 이용효모중 90.8%가 주유소및 세차장등 유침토양에서 나머지 10%가 석탄, 작토(作土) 하천토양에서 분리되였다. 2) 분리선정된 가장 우수한 효모균주는 주유소의 유침토양에서 분리됐고 Candida curvata HY-69-19로 동정되었다. 3) 분리선정된 Candida curvata HY-69-19는 optimum pH 5.0, optimum temperature $28^{\circ}C$, aerobic condition에서 균증식율이 컸다. 4) Candida curvata HY-66-19는 유기탄소원으로 petroleum fraction 중 비중이 0.8654이고 비점이 $268.9^{\circ}C$ 이상의 fraction인 heavy gas oil을 잘이용하며 무기질소원으로$(NH_2)_2CO$가 증식율과균체세포생산에 최적임을 알었다. 5) 분리선정된 이효모는 heavy gas oil 배지에서 lag phase 18시간, logarithmic growth phase 24시간${\sim}$42시간 사이며 이 때의 generation time은 3.8${\sim}4.5$시간이었다. 6) 분리선정된 이 효모는 heavy gas oil 및 $(NH_2)_2CO$ 배지로 54시간 pH 를 6시간마다 조정하면서 진탕배양하여 300mg/ml. H.G,0.의 건조균체를 생산하였다. 7) Candida curvata HY-69-19의 균체성분은 조단백질 40.25%, 조지방 14.81%,탄수화물 24.32% 회분 10.63%이었다.

To study the productivity of single cell protein from the petroleum hydrocarbon utilizing yeasts, 242 soil samples, such as oil soaked soil of gas stations and garage, coal, farm soil, and sewage, from 135 places in Korea were collected. From these samples 468 yeast strains which utilize petroleum hydrocarbon as a sole organic carbon source were isolated and identified by observing the growth rates. For the identified strains optimum culture conditions were determined and analysis of cell components were performed. 1. 90.8% of petroleum hydrocarbon utilizing yeast strains were found from oil soaked soil and about 10% from coal, farm soil and sewage etc. 2. The yeast strain of the highest cell productivity was isolated from oil soaked soil and was identified as Candida curvata HY-69-19. 3. The optimum culture conditions for the selected yeast strain were found to be pH 5.0, $28^{\circ}C$ and affluent aerated state. 4. Candida curvata HY-69-19 was found to utilize favorably the heavy gas oil fractionated at above $268.9^{\circ}C$ as carbon source and urea as inorganic nitrogen source. 5. The growth curve of this strain on heavy gas oil medium showed that the yeast has a lag phase up to 18 hours and logarithmic growth phase between 24 to 42 hours. Generation time was found to be between 3.8 and 4.5 hours during the logarithmic growth phase. 6. About 300 mg dried cells per heavy gas oil was harvested under the culture conditions of adjusted pH to 5.0 at time intervals of 6 hours for 54 hours and heavy gas oil urea for shaking culture medium. 7. Chemical composition of the yeast cell was found to be 40.25%, 14.81%, 24.32% and 10.63% for crude protein, crude lipid, carbohydrate and ashes, respectively.