쥐의 급식회수(給食回數)와 체지방과잉합성(體脂肪過剩合成)

Frequency of Meals and Hyperlipogenesis of Rat

(1) 급식회수(給食回數)가 각종(各種) 영양소(營養素)의 대사과정(代謝過程)에 미치는 영향을 연구(硏究)하기 위하여 30 마리의 생후(生後) 80 일(日)이된 쥐(체중(體重) 290 gm)와 32 마리의 40 일(日)이된 쥐(체중(體重) 180 gm)로서 34 일간(日間) 실험(實驗)하였다. (2) 자유채식구(自由採食區)(1 일(日) $10{\sim}15$ 회채식(回採食))와 1 일(日) 2회급식구(回給食區)의 쥐를 pair feeding 시켰으며 양구(兩區)의 채식량(採食量)이 같도록 엄밀히 조절(調節)하였다. (3) 양구(兩區)보다 체중증가율(體重增加率)이 유사(類似)하였으나 1 일(日) 2회채식구(回採食區)가 지방(脂肪) Energy의 증가율(增加率)이 자유채식구(自由採食區)보다 현저히 높았으나 단백질(蛋白質)의 함량(含量)은 자유채식구(自由採食區)가 높았으며 광물질(鑛物質)의 함량(含量)은 양구(兩區)보다 유사(類似)하였다. (4) 1 일(日) 2회급식(回給食)하는 경우 탄수화물대사과정(炭水化物代謝過程)의 변화(變化)를 초래 하였다. 즉(卽) 이구(區)의 G-6-P dehydrogenase의 활성(活性)이 2배(倍)나 더 높은 것으로 보아 정상적(正常的)인 Glycolysis에서 HMPS로 전변(轉變)되었음이 판명(判明)되었고, 따라서 NADPH의 생산(生産)이 촉진(促進)되었고 또한 지방산(脂肪酸)의 합성(合成)이 촉진(促進)되었다. (5) 채식회수(採食回數)는 단백질(蛋白質)의 이용(利用) 및 대사(代謝)에도 영향을 주는바 1 일(日) 2회급식구(回給食區)는 체내단백질(體內蛋白質) 합성율(合成率)이 낮고 반면(反面)에 뇨(尿)로 유실(流失)되는 질소(窒素)의 량(量)은 많음이 밝혀졌다. deamination이 되고 또는 carbon skeletal은 지방합성전구물(脂肪合成前軀物)로 쓰이는듯 하다. (6) 채식회수(採食回數)는 내분비(內分泌)를 촉진 또는 억제하는바 1 일(日) 2회급식구(回給食區)의 경우 insulin의 분비(分泌)를 촉진하나 Thyroidal Hormone의 분비(分泌)를 억제하는듯 하다. 따라서 이구(區)의 Heat production이 자유채식구(自由採食區)보다 낮으며 더 많은 energy가 지방합성(脂肪合成)에 쓰여질 수 있게 되는듯 하다.

This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of the frequency of meals on the metatolism and the body composition of rats when equal amount of purified diet was ingested. Thirty approximately days old rats weighing 290 g and thirty-two about 40 days old rats weighing 180 g were employed for the period of 34 days. Rats fed ad libitum (10 to 15 meals per day) and two-meal per day were pair-fed and equal amount of diet was fed to each rat in pair. The experimental results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Frequency of meal did not exert any effect on the body weight gain. However, rats fed two-meal per· day gained significantly (p <0.005) more fat and energy than ad libitum group. The rate of gain of protein in ad libitum group was higher than that of two-meal group. No difference was observed for the mineral deposition of rat body. 2. From the preperation of rat liver it was found that the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was much higher for the rats fed two-meals per day than those fed ad libitum. Therefore, it is suggested that the metabolic pathway of carbohydrate for two-meal group has been shifted from glycolysis to Hexose Monophosphate Shunt and produced more NADPH which would be the essential cofactor of fatty acids synthesis. 3. The rate of excretion of urinary nitrogen for two-meal group was significantly (p<0.005) higher than that of ad libitum group. It is apparent that considerable amount of over-loaded amino acids by feeding two-big-meal daily· could not be used for the protein biosynthesis all at once and excreted following deamination through urine. The residual carbon chain could be served as a precursor of fatty acids synthesis. 4. The heat production rate of rats fed two-meal group was significantly (p<0.005) lower than that of ad libitum group. It seems possible that the activity of thyroid gland (and consequently BMR) can be depressed by the frequency of meal.