Diagnostics to Probe Environmental Effects on Late-type Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster

We investigate 53 late-type galaxies in Virgo to get better understanding galaxy evolution driven by environmental effects in the cluster. The goal is to study how galaxies are strongly affected gravitationally by their surroundings and/or how interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies changes through the interaction with intracluster medium (ICM). To quantify these, a variety of diagnostic methods have been introduced. Our diagnostics have two different perspectives. First, we have carefully examined the morphological and kinematical properties of individual galaxies using high resolution HI images and compared with multi-wavelength data. Based on the visual inspection, we have identified signatures of the interactions with other galaxies or the ICM. Second, we have quantified influence of local environments of individual galaxies using X-ray data and optical catalog of the cluster. By combining all the diagnostics, we have identified the environmental effect(s) at work on individual galaxies. We also probe the environmental processes as a function of the cluster centric distance. Various gravitational interactions are found throughout the cluster, while the ICM-ISM interaction is mainly dominant near the cluster center. However, we find some evidence that galaxies start losing their gas already in the low density outskirts of the cluster.