Energy transfer from trapped to untrapped $Er^{3+}$ ions in Calcium Niobium Gallium Garnet Crystal doped with trivalent erbium ions investigated by time-resolved laser excitation spectroscopy

Kim, Eun-Sik (Department of Physics, Pukyong National University) ;
Jang, Kyoung-Hyuk (Department of Physics, Pukyong National University) ;
Kim, Kyung-Hyang (Department of Physics, Pukyong National University) ;
Seo, Hyo-Jin (Department of Physics, Pukyong National University) ;
Tsuboi, Taiju (Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University) ;
Shimamura, Kiyoshi (Optronic Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science)