무당개구리 (Bombina orientalis) 배아에서 제초제 Molinate에 의한 발생 위해성 평가 및 Biomarker 유전자 발굴

Molinate is thiocarbamate herbicide used primarily in rice production. Chondrogenesis is a multistep process that is essential for endocondral bone formation. The transcription factor Sox9 has an essential role during the sequential steps of chondrocyte differentiation. Bombina orientalis is one of the most common amphibians in the world and comprises a large proportion of their total number. We examined the embryotoxic and survival effects of molinate at various concentration in B. orientalis embryos. The survival rates of embryos at 312h post fertilization treated with molinate was decreased with concentration dependent manner. Also, developmental malformations appeared by molinate in B. orientalis embryos. the expression levels of Sox9 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR. In our result showed that Sox9 expression was found to be increased in malformed tadpole compared to normal tadpole. These results suggested that molinate was detrimental for survival and development of B. orientalis embryo.