SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PAPERS SIZED WITH ROSIN AND POLYAMINES USING X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY

Surface characterization of the rosin sized sheets with five typical polyamines, polyallylamine (PAAm), polyvinylamine (PVAm), polyethyleneimine (PEI), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC), and polydimethylamino ethyl methacrylate) (PDAMAEMA) was carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the distribution of the binding energies of the polyamines on the outermost surfaces of the sheets was quite different. PAAm and PVAm can combine with a rosin size to form-COO-NH-structures which were related to sizing effectiveness. The polyamines distributed mainly on the surfaces of the fibers. The concentrations of PAAm and PVAm on the surfaces were much larger than those of PEI, PDEMAEM, and PDADMAC. A larger sizing degree was related to a larger C$_1$component (C-C) in the Cls XPS spectra of the sheets sized with a rosin size and the polyamines. But the carbon chains in the polyamines did not contribute to sizing effectiveness.