Wave setup on beaches and in river entrances

The prediction of wave setup is an important part of modelling coastal inundation and flooding in coastal rivers but there are still some gaps in our knowledge particularly with respect to the conditions in river entrances. One of the reasons that wave setup is still not fully understood, almost fifty years after it was first observed in the field and subsequently reported by Thorndike Saville (1961) and by Dorrestein (1961), is that it is difficult to measure accurately in the field. (omitted)